Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas that traps heat significantly more effectively than carbon dioxide (CO2). Addressing methane emissions can yield faster results in combating climate change compared to the reduction of CO2. This makes understanding and managing methane a critical aspect of environmental policy.
Over a century, methane is 28 times more effective than CO2 in warming the atmosphere. A sharp increase in methane emissions has been responsible for approximately one-third of the 1.3°C rise in global temperatures observed since the pre-industrial era.
Methane emissions originate from both human activities and natural sources. Human activities account for about two-thirds of total emissions, with major contributors including agriculture (notably rice farming and livestock), fossil fuel operations, and waste management. Natural sources, making up the remaining one-third, include emissions from permafrost, wetlands, and the thawing of organic matter.
Agricultural practices, particularly rice cultivation and livestock farming, are substantial sources of methane emissions. These emissions are often more challenging to regulate compared to those from the oil and gas sector, which are currently prioritized in EU regulations.
Nearly 160 countries have pledged to reduce methane emissions by 30% from 2020 levels by the decade's end. The focus of these policies is primarily on sectors like oil and gas, where it is easier to implement regulations aimed at reducing emissions.
Indeed, due to methane’s significant heat-trapping capability and its shorter atmospheric lifespan compared to CO2, reducing methane emissions can offer immediate relief in the fight against rising global temperatures.
Accurately monitoring methane emissions presents difficulties, particularly from natural sources. Advanced isotope analysis techniques are employed to differentiate between methane that is biologically produced and that which is generated from industrial activities.
Research indicates that controlling methane emissions is more cost-effective than reducing CO2 for achieving similar climate benefits. This approach not only offers financial advantages but also plays a crucial role in significantly diminishing long-term impacts of global warming.
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