The Critical Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in Combating Climate Change

Understanding Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a pivotal technology designed to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It works by capturing CO2 emissions from significant sources such as power plants and industrial processes. The captured CO2 is then compressed and stored underground, preventing its release into the atmosphere.

The Importance of CCS in Climate Change Mitigation

CCS plays a crucial role in addressing climate change. By reducing the quantity of CO2 released into the atmosphere, it aids in limiting global temperature rises to 1.5°C and supports the achievement of net-zero emissions targets. This makes CCS an essential component in the global effort to mitigate climate change effects.

How CCS Works

The CCS process involves several steps. Initially, CO2 emissions are captured at their source. The gas is then compressed into a liquid-like state, facilitating its transportation, typically through pipelines, to be stored in deep geological formations underground.

Alternative Carbon Capture Methods

In addition to industrial capture, other methods exist for carbon capture. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and the use of seaweed are notable alternatives. BECCS involves combusting biomass and capturing the resulting CO2 emissions. Seaweed naturally absorbs CO2 from seawater and can be transformed into biochar fertilizer for long-term carbon sequestration.

The Required Scale of CO2 Capture

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), capturing and storing between 100 million to one billion tonnes of CO2 this century is necessary to maintain temperature rises within 1.5°C.

Criticisms of CCS

Despite its benefits, CCS faces criticisms. Critics argue that it is often more expensive compared to renewable energy sources. Additionally, some CCS projects are criticized for being used to enhance oil and gas extraction rather than solely for climate change mitigation.

The Role of Governments in CCS Development

Government involvement is vital for the expansion of CCS technology. This includes providing funding, developing favorable policies, and utilizing financial tools like green bonds to attract investment in CCS projects.

Current Global Status of CCS Projects

Globally, there are approximately 30 operational CCS projects, with 11 more under construction and 153 in various stages of development. This growth signifies the increasing recognition of CCS as a critical tool in reducing global carbon emissions and combating climate change.