The longstanding fishing dispute between India and Sri Lanka primarily involves Indian fishermen from Tamil Nadu and Puducherry illegally fishing in Sri Lankan waters, particularly in the Palk Bay region. This situation has resulted in significant economic losses for Sri Lankan fishers and has raised environmental concerns due to destructive fishing practices.
Bottom trawling is a highly destructive fishing method where nets are dragged along the seafloor, causing severe damage to marine ecosystems, coral reefs, and fish breeding grounds. This practice not only depletes fish stocks but also threatens the livelihoods of Sri Lankan fishermen.
In response to these illegal activities, Sri Lanka has implemented stringent measures, such as arresting Indian fishermen, confiscating their vessels, and deploying naval forces to deter illegal fishing. Some Sri Lankan officials have even defended the use of force as a form of self-defense against these intrusions.
The fishing activities in the Palk Bay region are governed by the 1974 and 1976 India-Sri Lanka maritime agreements, which delineate the maritime boundary and affirm Sri Lanka's sovereignty over Katchatheevu Island and its surrounding waters. Additionally, Sri Lanka's Marine Fishing Regulation Act of 1983 restricts foreign fishing near its coastline.
Traditional fishing communities in Sri Lanka, particularly in the Northern Province, face significant challenges due to the economic disparity created by Tamil Nadu's mechanized fleets. These fleets significantly reduce available fish stocks, jeopardizing the livelihoods of local fishermen and the sustainability of marine resources.
For Indian fishermen, limited fishing areas along the Tamil Nadu coast have led to reduced catch availability. Thus, many resort to bottom trawling in Sri Lankan waters as a means of economic survival.
India and Sri Lanka have engaged in several rounds of talks to address the issue, with the most recent discussions taking place in 2016 in New Delhi. Renewed calls for dialogue were made in October 2023, and Sri Lankan fishermen have shown interest in resuming talks. However, substantial progress remains elusive.
Experts advocate for sustainable fishing alternatives to alleviate the conflict:
Regular diplomatic engagements between fishermen from both nations, facilitated by their governments, could lead to mutually agreeable solutions. The Indian Prime Minister's visit to Sri Lanka in April 2025 may offer a platform for renewing dialogue.
The fishing dispute extends beyond fisheries, impacting India-Sri Lanka relations, regional security, and economic cooperation. Resolving this issue could enhance diplomatic ties, ensure the sustainability of marine resources, and improve the livelihoods of fishermen from both countries. Dialogue and cooperation are vital for lasting solutions, while confrontation only deepens conflicts.
Kutos : AI Assistant!
