The Bopas are revered as the traditional priest-singers of Rajasthan, known for their unique blend of spiritual and folk music. They are particularly famous for their mastery of the Ravanhatta, a bowed string instrument believed to have been crafted by the demon king Ravana to honor Lord Shiva.
This centuries-old folk instrument is deeply intertwined with the devotional music of Rajasthan, symbolizing the rich spiritual and cultural legacy upheld by the Bopa community.
In recent times, the role of the Bopas has evolved due to economic pressures and diminished interest in traditional performances. Many have shifted towards playing popular Bollywood music to earn a living, moving away from their customary spiritual storytelling.
The Bopas are currently facing significant hardships due to landlessness, increasing temperatures, and a lack of institutional support. Without access to agricultural land or government welfare schemes, their traditional art form is in jeopardy.
To ensure the survival of their unique art form, the Bopas require secure land rights, recognition of their cultural contributions, financial support for housing, and educational opportunities for their children. Reviving Phad storytelling traditions could further ensure the continuity of their cultural heritage.
Organizations like the National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) have started documenting the Bopas' work. However, there is a need for stronger policies to preserve and promote their performances as an integral part of India's intangible heritage.
During a Phad performance, a Bopa narrates stories depicted on a scroll (Phad), often involving local deities, accompanied by Ravanhatta music. These performances were once central to village events and rituals.
For the nomadic Bopa community, land ownership is crucial. It not only provides a means of survival but also serves as a foundation for accessing state support, including housing, healthcare, and livelihoods under schemes such as PMAY-G.
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