Strategic Role of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India's Indo-Pacific Strategy

Introduction

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, strategically located at the entrance of the Malacca Straits, are pivotal in India’s approach to countering China's influence in the Indo-Pacific region. A significant $9 billion initiative is underway to develop these islands into a prominent shipping hub and tourist destination.

Strategic Importance

• Geopolitical Significance: The islands oversee crucial maritime chokepoints, including the Malacca Straits, an essential shipping lane for international trade.
• Historical Context: Historically, the Indian government has acknowledged the islands' strategic importance, particularly after events like the Kargil War.
• Proximity to Key Locations: Their closeness to Myanmar and Indonesia enhances the islands' military significance.

Development Plans

• Holistic Development: NITI Aayog’s ₹72,000 crore plan involves creating an international transshipment terminal, an international airport, a power plant, and a township, overseen by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDCO).
• Military Enhancements: India is enhancing military infrastructure, which includes extending runways and deploying advanced aircraft like the Sukhoi Su-30MKI and Jaguar Maritime fighter jets.

Environmental Concerns

• Ecosystem Impact: The development initiative raises concerns regarding the fragile ecosystem of the region, home to numerous endangered species and unique rainforests.
• Tribal Populations: This project is likely to significantly increase the population density and impact the indigenous tribes, such as the Shompen and Nicobarese.

International Collaboration

• Joint Exercises: India engages in joint maritime exercises with allied nations to bolster regional security.
• Undersea Surveillance: Collaborations with countries like Japan and the US aim to develop a Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) to monitor Chinese submarine activities.

Conclusion

The development of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a critical element of India’s strategy to uphold a stable and secure Indo-Pacific region. While this project promises substantial economic and strategic advantages, it is essential to harmonize these benefits with environmental preservation and the rights of indigenous communities.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the significance of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India's strategy?
Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are crucial for controlling maritime chokepoints and enhancing India's military presence in the Indo-Pacific region.

Q2. What are the main components of the ₹72,000 crore development plan?
Answer: The plan includes an international transshipment terminal, airport, power plant, and township, aimed at comprehensive development.

Q3. How does the development project impact the environment?
Answer: The project raises concerns about its effects on the fragile ecosystem and endangered species in the region due to increased human activity.

Q4. What measures are being taken to address tribal concerns?
Answer: The initiative must consider the rights and livelihoods of indigenous tribes, such as the Shompen and Nicobarese, affected by the development.

Q5. How does India collaborate with other countries for security in the region?
Answer: India conducts joint maritime exercises and works with allies like Japan and the US to establish surveillance systems to monitor threats.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the main aim of India's development project in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
A) To increase tourism
B) To establish a military base
C) To counter China’s influence
D) To enhance fishing activities
Correct Answer: C

Question 2: Which island group oversees key maritime chokepoints in the Indo-Pacific?
A) Lakshadweep Islands
B) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
C) Maldives
D) Andaman Islands only
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: What is a major environmental concern regarding the development plans?
A) Increased tourism
B) Endangered species habitat destruction
C) Construction of hotels
D) Fishing overexploitation
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: Which advanced aircraft is being deployed as part of military enhancements?
A) MiG-21
B) Sukhoi Su-30MKI
C) Tejas
D) MIG-29
Correct Answer: B

Question 5: Which country is India collaborating with for undersea surveillance?
A) China
B) Russia
C) Japan
D) Australia
Correct Answer: C