The Indian government's decision to suspend the Free Movement Regime (FMR) along the India-Myanmar border signifies a pivotal change in how the border is managed. Originally part of India's "Act East" policy launched in 2018, the FMR allowed tribes residing near the border to travel up to 16 kilometers into the neighboring country without the need for a visa. This initiative was designed to foster local trade and strengthen bonds with Southeast Asian neighbors.
The suspension of the FMR has been largely driven by ongoing ethnic conflicts in the region of Manipur, as well as rising concerns over illegal immigration, drug smuggling, and arms trafficking. These issues have prompted a re-evaluation of the visa-free regime, leading to its suspension.
The military coup that took place in Myanmar on February 1, 2021, has further complicated matters. The coup has led to an increase in the movement of tribal Kukis into India, particularly affecting the states of Manipur and Mizoram. Allegations regarding their involvement in illegal activities have underscored the necessity for enhanced border security.
With the suspension of the FMR, individuals traveling between India and Myanmar will now be required to obtain a visa. This marks a significant departure from the previous policy that allowed free cross-border movement for local tribes.
The India-Myanmar border spans 1,643 kilometers across the states of Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, and Mizoram. Historically, this border has been largely unfenced, contributing to its permeability. In response, the government has embarked on a project to fence over 300 kilometers of this border. Despite the challenging terrain characterized by lush forests, the tender process is progressing, indicating a move towards more secure and monitored borders.
Security Enhancement: The suspension of the FMR and the ongoing fencing efforts are aimed at bolstering security, especially in sensitive regions like Manipur and Mizoram.
Impact on Local Communities: The new restrictions may affect local tribes who have traditionally engaged in cross-border trade and cultural exchanges.
Implementation Challenges: The difficult geography and socio-cultural dynamics of border areas pose significant challenges to the successful implementation of these changes.
The suspension of the FMR along the India-Myanmar border reflects India's strategy to balance security concerns with its regional integration policies. While the primary goal is to curb illegal activities and enhance border security, the impact on local communities and the overall effectiveness of these measures in addressing underlying issues remain critical aspects to be considered.
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