Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) represent a revolutionary approach to nuclear power generation, characterized by their compact design and capacity to produce between 30 megawatts electric (MWe) and 300 MWe of power. These reactors utilize modular construction techniques, allowing for quicker assembly and flexibility in installation across diverse locations compared to traditional nuclear plants.
On March 26, 2024, the US Department of Energy granted approval to Holtec International for the design and construction of SMRs in India. This landmark decision facilitates the transfer of unclassified SMR technology to L&T, Tata Consulting Engineers, and Holtec Asia, positioning India to integrate into the global manufacturing value chain for small reactors.
India's focus is on the BSMR-200, a Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PWR) with a capacity of 200 MW. Additionally, the Holtec SMR-300, a pressurised light-water reactor, is being evaluated. Both designs are renowned for their robust safety features and adaptability for modular deployment.
The Indian government has set an ambitious goal to generate at least 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear energy by 2047. To support this initiative, a Nuclear Energy Mission has been launched with a financial outlay of Rs 20,000 crore, dedicated to the development of SMRs and Advanced Modular Reactors.
The BSMR-200 is being designed and developed by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in collaboration with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL). The anticipated construction timeframe is between 60 to 72 months following project approval.
In February, India and France formalized a letter of intent to collaborate on the development of Small Modular Reactors and Advanced Modular Reactors. This partnership enhances the international aspect of India’s nuclear innovation efforts.
Currently, only two SMR designs are operational—one in Russia and another in China. India aims to operationalize at least five indigenously developed SMRs by 2033, supported by international collaboration and technology partnerships.
SMRs offer a clean, reliable, and scalable energy solution, making them particularly suitable for regions with limited grid access. They present lower construction risks and can provide consistent base-load power. Unlike renewable sources such as solar or wind, SMRs do not experience intermittency issues, positioning them as a vital component in ensuring long-term energy security.
To capitalize on the opportunities presented by SMRs, India must expedite regulatory clearances, encourage private sector participation, and invest in the domestic manufacturing of reactor components. These initiatives will facilitate timely project execution and solidify India’s standing in the global nuclear energy arena.
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