Indigenous livestock breeds are vital in addressing the challenges posed by climate change. Their unique adaptations not only sustain their survival but also provide valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at developing more resilient livestock. In this article, we will explore the adaptations of various indigenous breeds across different species.
Zebu: This diverse group includes several breeds adapted to various regions. Zebu cattle are characterized by a hump on their shoulders, loose skin, and large dewlaps. These features assist in heat dissipation, making them well-suited for hot climates. Key Zebu breeds include:
Marwari: Known for their long-distance foraging capabilities, Marwari sheep possess coarse wool that protects them from intense sunlight and heat. Additionally, they exhibit resistance to common sheep diseases.
Jaisalmeri: Similar to the Marwari, these sheep are well-adapted to desert environments and can thrive on limited vegetation.
Deccani: Adapted to the Deccan Plateau, this versatile breed withstands heat and drought, serving both meat and wool production needs.
Chokla: Predominantly found in Rajasthan, Chokla sheep are recognized for their white wool and tolerance of hot, dry conditions.
India is home to numerous indigenous goat breeds, many of which thrive in arid and semi-arid regions. These goats are typically smaller and exhibit excellent heat tolerance, playing a crucial role in rural livelihoods. Some notable breeds include:
Jaisalmeri: Known for their long legs, these camels can traverse great distances in the desert and survive long periods without water. They are utilized for transportation and milk production.
Kachchhi: Residing in the Kachchh region of Gujarat, Kachchhi camels are adapted to arid conditions and are essential for plowing and milk production.
Mewari: Similar to the Kachchhi, these camels are hardy and drought-resistant.
Kharai: A unique breed capable of swimming and grazing on mangroves, well-suited to saline environments.
Banni: Found in the Kachchh region, Banni buffaloes have adapted to arid climates, grazing at night to take advantage of cooler temperatures. They play a vital role in providing milk to local communities.
Q1. What makes indigenous breeds important for climate resilience?
Answer: Indigenous breeds possess unique adaptations that enhance their survival in extreme conditions. They provide genetic diversity crucial for breeding climate-resilient livestock, thus supporting sustainable agriculture.
Q2. How do Zebu cattle adapt to hot climates?
Answer: Zebu cattle have physical features like a hump, loose skin, and large dewlaps that aid in heat dissipation, making them well-suited for high-temperature environments.
Q3. What are the benefits of Marwari sheep?
Answer: Marwari sheep are known for their long-distance foraging ability and disease resistance. Their coarse wool provides protection against harsh sun and heat.
Q4. Why are Jamnapari goats significant?
Answer: Jamnapari goats are valued for their size and high milk production, contributing significantly to the livelihoods of rural communities.
Q5. What role do Banni buffaloes play in local communities?
Answer: Banni buffaloes are crucial for milk production in arid regions, supporting local diets and economies while adapting to challenging environmental conditions.
Question 1: Which breed of cattle is known for its high milk production and disease resistance?
A) Sahiwal
B) Ongole
C) Gir
D) Tharparkar
Correct Answer: C
Question 2: What is a key characteristic of Marwari sheep?
A) High wool yield
B) Ability to travel long distances
C) Large size
D) High milk production
Correct Answer: B
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