The Indian Gharial, scientifically known as Gavialis gangeticus, is a unique crocodilian species native to the Indian subcontinent. Recognized for its distinct long, narrow snout, this species inhabits riverine environments and plays an essential role in maintaining ecological balance.
As a top predator, the Indian Gharial helps regulate fish populations and other aquatic species, contributing significantly to the health of its ecosystem. Its presence is vital for sustaining the ecological integrity of riverine habitats.
After 75 years, the Indian Gharial has been rediscovered in the Greater Kaziranga region along a 160-kilometer stretch of the Brahmaputra River. This significant find resulted from a survey conducted by the Biswanath Wildlife Division and TSA Foundation India in January, spanning from Majuli to the Koliabhomora bridge near Tezpur.
The rediscovery of the Indian Gharial is a beacon of hope for conservationists, indicating that ongoing conservation efforts are bearing fruit. It underscores the potential for species recovery and the importance of continued protection measures.
During the survey, more than 900 freshwater turtles across five species and one female Gharial were documented, highlighting the rich biodiversity of the area. Additionally, sightings of Gangetic river dolphins and otters were noted, further emphasizing the ecological wealth of the Kaziranga region.
Listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red Data List, the Indian Gharial is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Conservation strategies encompass habitat protection, anti-poaching measures, and research initiatives aimed at understanding the habitat needs and threats facing the species. The positive confirmation of the Gharial in Kaziranga reinforces the importance of these ongoing efforts.
Kaziranga provides an ideal habitat for the Indian Gharial due to its abundance of over 42 species of freshwater fishes, serving as a plentiful food source. Habitat suitability assessments, which consider factors like river depth, flow, vegetation cover, and nesting sites, further support Kaziranga's viability as a long-term habitat for this critically endangered species.
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