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Philosophical Foundations of the Indian Constitution: Insights from M.C. Chagla

Analyzing the Global Inspirations Behind India's Constitutional Framework

Philosophical Foundations of the Indian Constitution: Insights from M.C. Chagla

  • 12 Feb, 2025
  • 228

The Philosophical Foundations of the Indian Constitution

The book, Roses in December, is the autobiography of Justice M.C. Chagla, who served as the Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court. It delves into the profound philosophical underpinnings of India’s constitutional ethos. A notable quotation from the Rig Veda states, “Let noble thoughts come to us from every side.” This sentiment captures the inclusive and universal vision that influenced the Indian Constitution, which was crafted with insights drawn from various global frameworks.

Borrowed Features in the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is a unique blend of ideas borrowed from various countries, ensuring that it serves as a dynamic framework for governance. Here are some of the key influences:

  • United States:
    • Fundamental Rights (Articles 19-21)
    • Equal protection of laws (Article 14)
    • Independence of the judiciary and judicial review
  • United Kingdom:
    • Parliamentary system of government
    • Rule of law
    • Single citizenship
    • Legislative procedure
  • Ireland:
    • Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
  • Canada:
    • Federal structure with a strong central government
    • Residuary powers vested in the Centre
  • Japan:
    • Procedure established by law (Article 21)
  • Australia:
    • Concurrent List
    • Freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse
  • France:
    • Ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
  • Germany (Weimar Constitution):
    • Emergency provisions
  • South Africa:
    • Amendment procedure for the Constitution
  • USSR (now Russia):
    • Fundamental Duties

This eclectic borrowing process has ensured that the Indian Constitution remains a robust framework, capable of adapting to the needs of a diverse and evolving nation.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the main theme of M.C. Chagla's autobiography?
Answer: The main theme of Justice M.C. Chagla's autobiography, Roses in December, is the philosophical underpinnings of India's Constitution and its global influences.

Q2. How does the Indian Constitution reflect global influences?
Answer: The Indian Constitution incorporates features from various countries, including the United States, UK, and Canada, creating a unique legal framework.

Q3. Why is the Rig Veda quoted in relation to the Constitution?
Answer: The Rig Veda's quote emphasizes the importance of inclusive and noble thoughts, reflecting the spirit of the Indian Constitution.

Q4. What are some borrowed features from the United States?
Answer: Key features include Fundamental Rights, equal protection of laws, and the independence of the judiciary, which are pivotal in the Indian legal system.

Q5. What role do Directive Principles play in the Constitution?
Answer: Directive Principles of State Policy guide the government in making laws and ensuring social justice, aiming for an equitable society.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: Which document inspired the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution?
A) French Constitution
B) Irish Constitution
C) United States Constitution
D) Weimar Constitution
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: What is a key feature borrowed from the UK in the Indian Constitution?
A) Federal structure
B) Rule of law
C) Fundamental Rights
D) Emergency provisions
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the independence of the judiciary?
A) Article 14
B) Article 21
C) Article 32
D) Article 19
Correct Answer: C

Question 4: What is the significance of the phrase "Let noble thoughts come to us from every side"?
A) It promotes nationalism.
B) It encourages inclusivity.
C) It supports individualism.
D) It advocates for isolationism.
Correct Answer: B

Question 5: Which feature of the Indian Constitution is influenced by the Constitution of the USSR?
A) Fundamental Duties
B) Federal structure
C) Amendment procedure
D) Parliamentary system
Correct Answer: A

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