New Discovery: Neelus sikkimensis in Sikkim

Neelus sikkimensis: A Unique Discovery in Sikkim

Recently, scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) made an exciting discovery in the high-altitude regions of Sikkim. They identified Neelus sikkimensis, marking the first instance of this genus found in India.

This new species belongs to the group of tiny, soil-dwelling micro-arthropods known as Collembola. The identification of Neelus sikkimensis increases the total known species of this genus worldwide to eight.

Characteristics of Neelus sikkimensis

Neelus sikkimensis showcases several unique biological characteristics:

• Microscopic Size: This species has an extremely small body, perfectly adapted for life deep within soil and moss.
• Sensory Adaptation: It exhibits a complete absence of eyes, a common trait in species inhabiting dark, subterranean environments.
• Unique Morphology: The species features a distinct “labral chaetotaxy,” or the arrangement of bristles on the mouthparts, differentiating it from its global relatives.

Key Facts about Arthropods

Arthropods are invertebrates characterized by jointed legs. They comprise approximately 75% of all animal species on Earth and play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystems. Their functions include:

• Pollination
• Nutrient recycling
• Scavenging
• Serving as prey for other animals

Common examples of arthropods include spiders, ants, centipedes, and slaters. They are categorized into four major groups:

• Insects
• Myriapods: Includes centipedes and millipedes.
• Arachnids: Includes spiders, mites, and scorpions.
• Crustaceans: Includes slaters, prawns, and crabs.

Key Facts about Collembola

Collembola, commonly referred to as springtails, are among the most abundant and diverse soil microarthropods found in nearly all (semi) terrestrial environments. They are some of the oldest and most abundant hexapods on the planet, significantly contributing to soil health and nutrient cycling.

There are approximately 8,200 recognized species of Collembola. They inhabit various soil types, feeding on algae, fungi, plant roots, and decaying organic matter. Their jumping ability, aided by a tail-like appendage, is what earned them the name “springtails.”

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is Neelus sikkimensis?
Answer: Neelus sikkimensis is a newly discovered species of Collembola, identified in Sikkim, India, marking the first record of its genus in the country.

Q2. Why are arthropods important to ecosystems?
Answer: Arthropods play a vital role in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and a food source for other animals, contributing to the overall health of the environment.

Q3. What are the characteristics of Collembola?
Answer: Collembola are tiny soil microarthropods known for their jumping ability, diverse habitats, and roles in nutrient cycling, feeding on organic matter and microorganisms.

Q4. How many species of Neelus are known worldwide?
Answer: The discovery of Neelus sikkimensis has brought the total number of recognized species in the Neelus genus to eight globally.

Q5. What adaptations do Collembola have for their environment?
Answer: Collembola have adaptations such as a small body size, absence of eyes, and specialized mouthparts that help them thrive in dark, moist environments like soil and moss.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the significance of the discovery of Neelus sikkimensis?
A) It is the first species of its kind found in India
B) It is the largest arthropod species
C) It has no ecological impact
D) It is a common insect species
Correct Answer: A

Question 2: What role do arthropods play in ecosystems?
A) They are primarily predators
B) They act as pollinators and decomposers
C) They have no ecological role
D) They are only found in water
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: Which of the following groups do Collembola belong to?
A) Myriapods
B) Arachnids
C) Hexapods
D) Crustaceans
Correct Answer: C