The rapid increase in satellites and space debris is creating congestion in low Earth orbit (LEO), making it difficult to manage space operations. With over 14,000 active satellites and 120 million pieces of debris from past launches, the risk of collisions and disruption to vital global services has escalated.
A United Nations panel has called for urgent action, emphasizing the need for a shared database of orbital objects and an international framework to manage space traffic. Such coordination aims to prevent collisions and ensure sustainable use of space.
LEO is densely packed with satellites from companies like SpaceX’s Starlink, which alone has over 6,700 satellites in orbit. Maneuvers to avoid collisions have doubled since early 2024, reflecting the growing risks.
There is no central system for global space traffic management. Geopolitical tensions, reluctance to share data, and differing national priorities make international cooperation difficult.
Companies like SpaceX use collision-avoidance systems to prevent accidents. Additionally, tools like telescopes, radars, and sensors are being improved for better object tracking, data sharing, and early warnings.
Efforts are underway to develop enforceable rules similar to air traffic regulations. However, these standards remain under discussion and vary among nations.
Unchecked growth in orbital debris could lead to a “Kessler syndrome,” where collisions create a chain reaction, making certain orbital zones unusable. This would endanger scientific exploration, satellite services, and future space missions.
Private companies and agencies are investing in collision-avoidance technologies and debris removal initiatives. However, a unified approach is needed to maximize their effectiveness globally.
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