The relationship between India and Bangladesh, under the leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, has evolved significantly in recent years. Hasina’s recent re-election for a fourth term reinforces the strong diplomatic ties between the two nations. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was one of the first leaders to extend his congratulations, highlighting the importance of this bilateral relationship.
The foundation of India-Bangladesh relations was laid during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. India played a crucial role in supporting Bangladesh’s fight for independence from Pakistan. The relationship has seen a revival since Sheikh Hasina took office in 1996, marked by several key agreements, including the Ganga water-sharing treaty.
Economic ties between India and Bangladesh have strengthened considerably. Bilateral trade reached approximately $18 billion in the fiscal year 2021-2022, making Bangladesh India’s largest trading partner in South Asia. Future prospects, such as the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) and a potential Free Trade Agreement (FTA), are vital as Bangladesh prepares to transition from Least Developed Country (LDC) status.
India has significantly invested in various infrastructure projects across Bangladesh. This includes enhancing rail connectivity and improving access to ports. Furthermore, Bangladesh imports a substantial amount of electricity from India, showcasing a burgeoning energy cooperation.
Despite the growing partnership, several challenges persist. The Teesta water dispute remains unresolved, affecting water-sharing agreements. Additionally, Bangladesh continues to seek India’s assistance in the repatriation of Rohingya refugees to Myanmar amidst a backdrop of complex regional dynamics.
Security concerns, such as cross-border terrorism and infiltration, pose ongoing challenges for both nations, impacting internal security and diplomatic relations.
The geopolitical landscape is also influenced by external factors. The U.S. has raised concerns regarding democratic practices in Bangladesh, affecting its international relations. Moreover, increasing Chinese investments in Bangladesh's infrastructure have raised strategic alarms for India, complicating the regional security environment.
The India-Bangladesh relationship is characterized by deep historical ties, significant economic growth, and strategic cooperation. However, it faces new challenges and opportunities in the current geopolitical scenario. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for stakeholders in both nations as they navigate their future together.
Q1. What are the historical ties between India and Bangladesh?
Answer: The historical ties were established during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, when India supported Bangladesh in its fight for independence from Pakistan.
Q2. How has bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh changed recently?
Answer: Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh reached $18 billion in 2021-2022, making Bangladesh India's largest trading partner in South Asia.
Q3. What are the main points of tension in India-Bangladesh relations?
Answer: Key points of tension include the unresolved Teesta water dispute and the Rohingya crisis, where Bangladesh seeks India's support for repatriation efforts.
Q4. What role does the U.S. play in India-Bangladesh relations?
Answer: The U.S. has expressed concerns over democratic practices in Bangladesh, which can influence the geopolitical dynamics and international relations of the region.
Q5. How does China's influence affect India-Bangladesh relations?
Answer: Growing Chinese investments in Bangladesh's infrastructure create strategic concerns for India, impacting its regional security considerations.
Question 1: What year did India support Bangladesh during its Liberation War?
A) 1965
B) 1971
C) 1980
D) 1996
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Which treaty rejuvenated India-Bangladesh relations under Sheikh Hasina?
A) Ganga Water Treaty
B) Teesta Water Agreement
C) Economic Partnership Agreement
D) Free Trade Agreement
Correct Answer: A
Question 3: What is the primary economic initiative between India and Bangladesh?
A) Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)
B) South Asia Free Trade Area (SAFTA)
C) Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
D) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Correct Answer: A
Question 4: What major challenge does India face regarding security in Bangladesh?
A) Economic sanctions
B) Cross-border terrorism
C) Trade imbalances
D) Cultural differences
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: What influence does China have on India-Bangladesh relations?
A) Military alliances
B) Strategic investments
C) Diplomatic isolation
D) Cultural exchanges
Correct Answer: B
Question 6: Which country has raised concerns about democratic practices in Bangladesh?
A) India
B) China
C) United States
D) Russia
Correct Answer: C
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