Energy transition is a crucial process involving the global shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems—such as oil, natural gas, and coal—to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower. This transition is vital for addressing the pressing challenges posed by climate change and environmental degradation.
The necessity of energy transition stems from the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions, combat climate change, and ensure energy security. Additionally, this shift promotes sustainable economic growth, creating job opportunities and fostering innovation in green technologies.
India is actively pursuing its energy transition, with a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in its total power generation mix. As of FY24, renewable energy accounts for 14% of this mix, indicating a positive trend towards sustainability.
India has set ambitious goals for its renewable energy sector, aiming to achieve a capacity of 431 GW by 2030. This target would ensure that renewable sources contribute to 31% of the total power generation in the country, reflecting a strong commitment to clean energy.
Despite the progress, India faces several challenges in its energy transition journey. These include a heavy reliance on thermal energy, financial constraints, and infrastructural limitations that hinder the scaling of renewable projects. Moreover, technological advancements are essential for overcoming these obstacles.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had mixed effects on India’s energy transition. While the pace of capacity additions for renewable energy has slowed, there has been a notable increase in actual generation from these sources, suggesting a shift in operational dynamics.
Coal continues to dominate India’s energy landscape, making up 73% of total power generation as of FY24. This statistic highlights the significant transition still needed to move towards a more sustainable energy mix.
To mitigate its reliance on coal, India is investing heavily in renewable energy projects and implementing various incentives for the adoption of cleaner energy technologies. This strategic approach aims to gradually decrease coal’s share in the energy mix.
India has rolled out multiple incentives to boost renewable energy initiatives. These include financial support mechanisms, policy measures such as the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, and international collaborations for technology transfer and investment.
India's emergence as the second-largest solar manufacturer is significant, showcasing its dedication to the energy transition and its growing influence in the global renewable energy market. This development not only strengthens domestic capabilities but also enhances India's position in international energy discussions.
India’s energy transition is integral to its sustainable development goals. While progress is evident, substantial challenges remain. Robust policy support and international cooperation will be crucial in navigating this journey towards a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.
Q1. What is energy transition?
Answer: Energy transition refers to the shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower. This shift is essential for sustainability and climate action.
Q2. Why is energy transition necessary?
Answer: It is essential for reducing carbon emissions, combating climate change, ensuring energy security, and fostering sustainable economic growth through green technologies.
Q3. What are India's targets for renewable energy?
Answer: India aims to achieve 431 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, which would represent 31% of its total power generation, highlighting its commitment to sustainability.
Q4. What challenges does India face in its energy transition?
Answer: Key challenges include reliance on thermal energy, financial constraints, and the need for technological advancements to scale renewable energy projects effectively.
Q5. How is India addressing the dominance of coal in its energy mix?
Answer: India is investing in renewable energy projects and providing incentives to reduce coal dependency, aiming for a more balanced and sustainable energy mix.
Question 1: What is the primary source of energy generation in India as of FY24?
A) Solar energy
B) Wind energy
C) Coal
D) Hydropower
Correct Answer: C
Question 2: What is the target capacity for renewable energy in India by 2030?
A) 300 GW
B) 431 GW
C) 500 GW
D) 250 GW
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: What percentage of power generation in India was from renewable sources as of FY24?
A) 10%
B) 14%
C) 20%
D) 25%
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Which policy initiative supports renewable energy in India?
A) Goods and Services Tax
B) Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme
C) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
D) Make in India
Correct Answer: B
Kutos : AI Assistant!
