National Quantum Mission: Pioneering Quantum Technologies in India

Overview

In April 2023, India launched the National Quantum Mission (NQM) with a substantial budget of Rs.6000 crore, covering the period from 2023-24 to 2030-31. The mission aims to lead development and innovation in Quantum Technology (QT), positioning India as a global leader in Quantum Technologies & Applications (QTA).

Objectives and Deliverables

• Development of Quantum Computers: The mission targets constructing intermediate-scale quantum computers with 50-1000 physical qubits within 8 years, utilizing superconducting and photonic technology.
• Quantum Communications: Focus on establishing satellite-based secure quantum communications over a range of 2000 kilometers within India, alongside long-distance quantum communications with other nations and inter-city quantum key distribution.
• Quantum Networks: Implementation of multi-node quantum networks equipped with quantum memories.
• High Sensitivity Magnetometers: Development of magnetometers with enhanced sensitivity in atomic systems.
• Atomic Clocks: Advancing precision in timing, communication, and navigation through atomic clocks.
• Quantum Materials and Devices: Supporting the creation and synthesis of quantum materials such as superconductors, novel semiconductor structures, and topological materials for quantum device fabrication.
• Photon-Based Technologies: Development of single photon sources/detectors and entangled photon sources for applications in communications, sensing, and metrology.

Mission Implementation

Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs) will be established in leading academic and national R&D institutes, focusing on Quantum Computing, Quantum Communication, Quantum Sensing & Metrology, and Quantum Materials & Devices. These hubs will be central to generating new knowledge through basic and applied research and promoting specific R&D areas.

Impact and Benefits

• Economic Growth: The NQM is poised to accelerate economic growth driven by Quantum Technology.
• Sectoral Benefits: Various sectors such as communication, health, finance, and energy will significantly benefit, with applications in drug design, space technology, banking, and security.
• National Priorities and SDGs: The mission aligns with and supports initiatives like Digital India, Make in India, Skill India, Stand-up India, Start-up India, Self-reliant India, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

Conclusion

The National Quantum Mission marks a pivotal step in enhancing India's technological prowess, setting a course for groundbreaking advancements in Quantum Technology and its applications, and boosting the national tech ecosystem to a globally competitive level.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the National Quantum Mission in India?
Answer: The National Quantum Mission (NQM) is a strategic initiative launched in April 2023 to develop Quantum Technology in India, with a budget of Rs.6000 crore to enhance innovation and economic growth.

Q2. What are the key objectives of the NQM?
Answer: The NQM aims to develop quantum computers, establish secure quantum communications, implement quantum networks, and advance quantum materials and devices over the next eight years.

Q3. How will the NQM benefit various sectors?
Answer: The NQM will significantly impact sectors like communication, health, finance, and energy, facilitating advancements in drug design, banking, and security applications.

Q4. What is the expected timeline for the NQM?
Answer: The NQM is set to operate from 2023-24 to 2030-31, focusing on various deliverables within this timeframe to establish India as a leader in quantum technologies.

Q5. How does the NQM align with India's national initiatives?
Answer: The NQM supports several national initiatives, including Digital India and Make in India, while contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through technological advancements.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the budget allocated for the National Quantum Mission?
A) Rs.3000 crore
B) Rs.6000 crore
C) Rs.9000 crore
D) Rs.12000 crore
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: What is one of the primary objectives of the NQM?
A) Increase in traditional agriculture
B) Development of Quantum Computers
C) Promotion of manual labor
D) Enhancement of fossil fuel usage
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: How long is the NQM projected to run?
A) 2023-2028
B) 2023-2030
C) 2023-2031
D) 2023-2025
Correct Answer: C

Question 4: Which sector is NOT directly impacted by the NQM?
A) Healthcare
B) Communication
C) Entertainment
D) Energy
Correct Answer: C

Question 5: What is a key feature of the NQM's implementation?
A) Reducing digital literacy
B) Establishing Thematic Hubs (T-Hubs)
C) Limiting research funding
D) Stopping international collaborations
Correct Answer: B