National Dolphin Research Centre: A New Era for Gangetic River Dolphins

Introduction to the National Dolphin Research Centre

India has inaugurated its first National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) in Patna, located near the Ganga river. This landmark achievement, celebrated on March 4, 2024, highlights India's dedication to the conservation of the endangered Gangetic river dolphin. After a decade of planning and several delays, the centre is poised to lead comprehensive research to protect these unique freshwater mammals.

Facilities and Location

The NDRC is built on a spacious 4,400 square meter site adjacent to Patna University, strategically positioned for easy access to the Ganga river. This prime location allows researchers to observe and study the dolphins in their natural habitat.

Objectives of the NDRC

• Behavioral Studies: The centre aims to investigate the dolphins' behavioral patterns and survival strategies.
• Dietary Research: Understanding their eating habits is key to ensuring their health and welfare.
• Mortality Causes: Research will also focus on identifying factors contributing to dolphin mortality.
• Community Engagement: Local fishermen will receive training on dolphin-friendly fishing practices to promote conservation.

Historical Context and Approval Process

The NDRC project was initially approved in 2013. Despite various setbacks, construction commenced after receiving clearance from the state’s urban development department, adhering to regulations that prohibit building within 200 meters of the river.

Conservation Significance

The Gangetic river dolphin, recognized as India’s national aquatic animal and classified as a Schedule I species under the Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972, faces grave threats. Listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the estimated population in India is around 3,000, with approximately half residing in Bihar. The establishment of the NDRC is crucial for the protection of these dolphins and their ecosystem.

These dolphins rely on echolocation for navigation and hunting in the river’s murky waters, preferring regions rich in fish and with minimal current to conserve energy. By concentrating on the Gangetic river dolphin, one of only four freshwater dolphin species globally, the NDRC aims not only to enhance conservation efforts but also to deepen our understanding of these remarkable creatures and the challenges they encounter.

Unique Characteristics of the Gangetic River Dolphin

Q: What makes the Gangetic river dolphin so special?

• These dolphins are among the few species that exclusively inhabit freshwater rivers.
• They hold significant cultural and ecological importance in India.
• Unlike most dolphins, they are nearly blind and rely heavily on echolocation for hunting.

Q: Where can Gangetic river dolphins be found?

Their habitat spans three countries: India (mainly in the Ganges River system), Bangladesh, and Nepal.

Threats to the Gangetic River Dolphin

Q: Why are Gangetic river dolphins endangered?

• Habitat fragmentation caused by dams and irrigation systems.
• Pollution from industrial and agricultural runoff that degrades water quality.
• Accidental injuries or fatalities from fishing nets and boat propellers.

Behavioral Insights

Q: What is unique about Gangetic river dolphin behavior?

• They prefer deep water with less current, conserving energy.
• They adeptly dive into deeper waters for safety.
• Despite their blindness, they skillfully locate fish to eat in the river.

How to Contribute to Dolphin Protection

Q: How can we help protect Gangetic river dolphins?

• Reduce pollution and maintain clean river ecosystems.
• Promote dolphin-safe fishing practices.
• Support habitat restoration efforts along river systems.
• Raise awareness to encourage public support for these unique creatures.