The Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) indicator is a crucial global metric designed to assess the variety and quality of diets among specific population groups. This innovative approach enables researchers and policymakers to track dietary consumption patterns effectively.
MDD is a global standard that gauges whether individuals have consumed at least five out of ten defined food groups within the previous 24 hours. This measurement is essential for understanding dietary quality and diversity.
The introduction of the MDD indicator addresses a significant gap in global metrics for healthy diets under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2, which aims for Zero Hunger. By focusing on dietary quality and diversity rather than just calorie intake, this metric encourages healthier eating habits.
The MDD indicator encompasses ten distinct food groups:
The MDD indicator will primarily focus on two demographic groups:
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and UNICEF are jointly responsible for managing and coordinating the data collection and analysis related to the MDD indicator. Their collaboration ensures comprehensive monitoring and evaluation.
A diverse diet is crucial for reducing the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and women. This diversity supports optimal growth, development, and long-term health outcomes.
The MDD indicator employs a simple “yes/no” format to assess whether respondents consumed at least five of the ten food groups in the prior 24 hours. A higher percentage of respondents achieving this benchmark indicates better dietary diversity within the population.
The MDD indicator was officially adopted during the 56th session of the United Nations Statistical Commission, which took place in New York from March 4 to March 7, 2025.
The MDD indicator serves as a practical tool for governments to monitor progress in accessing nutritious food. It aids in designing better dietary policies and promotes food systems that prioritize health and nutrition.
Integrating the MDD into the SDG framework provides countries with a benchmark for assessing progress in healthy diets. This foundation will help shape future diet-related policies, extending beyond the year 2030.
Q1. What is the Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) indicator?
Answer: MDD is a global indicator that measures dietary variety by tracking if individuals consumed at least five out of ten food groups in the past 24 hours.
Q2. Why has this indicator been introduced?
Answer: It addresses the absence of a global metric on healthy diets under the SDGs, shifting the focus from calorie intake to the quality and diversity of food.
Q3. Which food groups are included under MDD?
Answer: MDD includes grains, tubers, pulses, nuts, dairy, meat, eggs, green vegetables, vitamin A-rich fruits, and other vegetables.
Q4. Who will be monitored under this indicator?
Answer: The MDD indicator will be monitored among children and women of reproductive age to assess dietary diversity and health.
Q5. How is MDD measured?
Answer: MDD is measured as a “yes/no” indicator based on whether individuals consumed at least five food groups in the past 24 hours, indicating dietary diversity.
Question 1: What does the MDD indicator measure?
A) Caloric intake
B) Dietary diversity
C) Food security
D) Nutritional deficiencies
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Which organization manages the MDD indicator?
A) WHO
B) UNICEF
C) FAO
D) Both B and C
Correct Answer: D
Question 3: How many food groups are included in the MDD?
A) Eight
B) Ten
C) Five
D) Twelve
Correct Answer: B
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