Matangini Hazra, fondly remembered as Gandhi Buri (Old Lady Gandhi), was one of India’s most fearless women freedom fighters. Born in 1869 in a small village in Bengal, she had no formal education and was widowed at a young age. Yet, her courage, patriotism, and unyielding spirit made her a symbol of resistance during India’s freedom struggle.
Despite her humble background, Matangini Hazra was deeply moved by Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals of non-violence and self-reliance. She joined the Civil Disobedience Movement, spun khadi, and actively worked for social causes such as smallpox relief and women’s welfare. Her commitment to Gandhian principles earned her the affectionate title of “Gandhi Buri.”
During the Quit India Movement of 1942, Matangini Hazra emerged as a fearless leader in Bengal. On September 29, 1942, at the age of 72, she led a massive procession of nearly 6,000 protesters towards the Tamluk police station, carrying the Indian tricolour high in her hands.
When British police opened fire on the unarmed crowd, Matangini refused to retreat. Even after being struck by bullets, she continued chanting “Vande Mataram” and advanced forward, refusing to let the flag fall. She finally collapsed with the national flag still clutched tightly in her hands — a moment that became an immortal symbol of sacrifice.
Her martyrdom sparked renewed fervour in Bengal’s independence movement. Soon after, the Tamralipta Jatiya Sarkar (Tamluk National Government) was established — a parallel government inspired by her bravery — and continued functioning until India achieved freedom in 1947.
Today, schools, roads, and monuments across West Bengal bear her name, preserving her memory as a woman who proved that age, gender, or social status are no barriers to patriotism. Matangini Hazra’s story continues to inspire generations to uphold justice, equality, and love for the nation.
Matangini Hazra’s life stands as a shining example of how ordinary individuals can achieve extraordinary heroism. Her courage under fire and her ultimate sacrifice remind us that the spirit of India’s freedom was carried not only by leaders but also by countless unsung heroes like her — the grandmother who faced bullets for freedom.
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