Major vs. Minor Minerals: The Impact of Reclassification in India

Understanding Major and Minor Minerals

In India, minerals are categorized into two distinct classes: major minerals and minor minerals. This classification is based on their significance and application within various industries. Major minerals are essential for large-scale industrial operations and infrastructure development. In contrast, minor minerals are typically utilized in local construction activities and other smaller-scale applications.

Regulation of Minerals

The regulation of major minerals falls under the jurisdiction of the central government, whereas minor minerals are primarily governed by state governments. This division ensures that the management and oversight of these resources align with their usage and economic importance.

Reclassification of Key Minerals

Recently, several minerals such as barytes, felspar, mica, and quartz have been reclassified as major minerals. This reclassification serves multiple purposes:

• To promote extensive exploration and the adoption of scientific mining practices.
• To facilitate the extraction of critical minerals often found alongside these resources.
• To enhance regulatory measures for these minerals in alignment with the national initiative on critical minerals.

Implications for Existing Leaseholders

With the reclassification, existing lease periods for these minerals will be extended to 50 years. There is also a transition period until June 30, 2025, allowing stakeholders to adjust to the new regulations. During this time, the oversight of these mines will gradually shift to the Indian Bureau of Mines, while revenue generation will continue to benefit state governments.

Associated Critical Minerals

Minerals such as quartz, felspar, and mica are typically found in pegmatite rocks, which also yield critical minerals including:

• Beryl
• Lithium
• Niobium
• Tantalum
• Molybdenum
• Tin
• Titanium
• Tungsten

Economic Benefits of Reclassification

The increased exploration and mining of these critical minerals are expected to significantly reduce India's reliance on imports. This shift will bolster industries that depend on these minerals, such as technology, energy, and manufacturing sectors. Additionally, the initiative aligns with the goals of the National Critical Mineral Mission, improving the reporting and extraction processes for valuable minerals.

The National Critical Mineral Mission

The National Critical Mineral Mission is a strategic government initiative focused on securing the supply of critical minerals necessary for India's economic growth and national security. This mission encompasses the exploration, mining, and processing of these essential resources domestically.

Impact on State Revenue

Despite the reclassification, state governments will not see a reduction in revenue from these minerals. The financial benefits from mining operations will continue to accrue to them as before.

Key Takeaways

• The reclassification of barytes, felspar, mica, and quartz from minor to major minerals reflects the government's commitment to enhancing mining practices.
• This change aims to stimulate exploration and extraction of critical minerals, aligning with national goals.
• Existing lease periods will be extended, and a transition phase is established until June 30, 2025, with increased regulation by the Indian Bureau of Mines.
• These minerals play a crucial role in various industries including technology, energy, healthcare, and manufacturing.