Udham Singh was an Indian revolutionary born on 26 December 1899 in Sunam, Punjab. His life was profoundly shaped by key historical events, particularly the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Nankana Sahib tragedy, both of which fueled his passion for justice.
Singh became a prominent figure in the fight against British rule by joining the Ghadar Party and later founding the Azad Party. His commitment to the cause included smuggling arms to fellow revolutionaries, drawing significant inspiration from the actions and ideologies of Bhagat Singh.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which took place on 13 April 1919, left an indelible mark on Singh’s conscience. The brutal killing of innocent civilians by British troops motivated him to seek retribution against those he held responsible for this atrocity.
On 13 March 1940, Singh executed his plan by shooting Michael O’Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, in London. O’Dwyer had notably supported Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer's actions during the massacre, making him a target of Singh’s vengeance.
The repercussions of Singh’s act were swift. He was arrested, tried, and ultimately hanged on 31 July 1940 at Pentonville Prison in London. His execution fueled further outrage against British rule in India.
Throughout his life, Singh used various aliases, including ‘Mohammed Singh Azad.’ This choice symbolized the unity of all Indians in their struggle against British imperialism, marking him as a martyr in the eyes of many.
Q1. What motivated Udham Singh to become a revolutionary?
Answer: Udham Singh was motivated by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the injustices faced by Indians under British rule, which ignited his desire for revenge and justice.
Q2. What was the Ghadar Party?
Answer: The Ghadar Party was an organization formed by Indian expatriates in North America aimed at overthrowing British rule in India through armed revolution.
Q3. Why did Udham Singh target Michael O'Dwyer?
Answer: Singh targeted O'Dwyer because he was the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and had endorsed the brutal actions taken against civilians.
Q4. What legacy did Udham Singh leave behind?
Answer: Udham Singh's legacy is one of sacrifice and resistance against colonial oppression, inspiring future generations in the fight for Indian independence.
Q5. When was Udham Singh executed?
Answer: Udham Singh was executed on 31 July 1940, shortly after being tried for the assassination of Michael O'Dwyer, which he viewed as a necessary act of justice.
Question 1: What event significantly influenced Udham Singh's revolutionary activities?
A) Nankana Sahib tragedy
B) Jallianwala Bagh massacre
C) Non-Cooperation Movement
D) Quit India Movement
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Which organization did Udham Singh help to found?
A) Indian National Congress
B) Ghadar Party
C) Azad Party
D) All India Muslim League
Correct Answer: C
Question 3: Who did Udham Singh assassinate in London?
A) Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer
B) Michael O’Dwyer
C) Lord Mountbatten
D) Jawaharlal Nehru
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: When was Udham Singh born?
A) 1890
B) 1899
C) 1905
D) 1910
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: What was Udham Singh's alias during his revolutionary activities?
A) Bhagat Singh
B) Mohammed Singh Azad
C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
D) Lala Lajpat Rai
Correct Answer: B
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