Insights from the 2024 Crocodile Census in Bhitarkanika

Insights from the 2024 Crocodile Census in Bhitarkanika

The 2024 census in Bhitarkanika National Park reveals a marginal increase in the saltwater crocodile population, now totaling 1,811 individuals. This data is crucial for understanding the dynamics of this important species.

Importance of Bhitarkanika for Saltwater Crocodiles

Bhitarkanika is one of India's three primary habitats for saltwater crocodiles, alongside the Sundarbans and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The park's extensive mangrove forests provide a unique ecosystem beneficial for these large reptiles.

Methodology of the Crocodile Census

The census is a carefully planned multi-day operation, ensuring accurate counting:

• Timing: The census occurs during peak winter months for better visibility of the reptiles.
• Teams: Multiple teams work together to cover the extensive network of creeks and rivers.
• Expertise: Wildlife personnel collaborate with herpetologists for precise counting.

Population Trends in Bhitarkanika

Over the past two decades, Bhitarkanika has shown a gradual increase in its crocodile population, despite year-to-year fluctuations. This trend indicates a healthy environment and successful conservation efforts.

Concerns Regarding Human-Crocodile Conflict

As crocodiles increasingly venture beyond the protected area, there has been a rise in fatal attacks on humans, particularly in surrounding villages and towns, raising significant concern.

Reasons for Crocodiles Leaving Bhitarkanika

Several factors may contribute to crocodiles leaving their habitat:

• Competition: An increasing crocodile population may lead to resource competition.
• Habitat Changes: Alterations in water bodies or prey availability might push them to seek new territories.

Strategies to Mitigate Human-Crocodile Conflict

Addressing human-crocodile conflict requires a multifaceted approach:

• Awareness: Educating local communities about crocodile behavior and safety measures.
• Safe Zones: Establishing designated areas for fishing and water-related activities to minimize encounters.
• Relocation: In extreme cases, carefully relocating problem crocodiles to safer environments.
• Habitat Restoration: Maintaining healthy ecosystems within the protected area to support crocodile populations and reduce dispersal needs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the current saltwater crocodile population in Bhitarkanika?
Answer: The latest census indicates that the saltwater crocodile population in Bhitarkanika National Park stands at 1,811 individuals, showing a slight increase.

Q2. Why is Bhitarkanika significant for saltwater crocodiles?
Answer: Bhitarkanika is crucial as it hosts extensive mangrove forests, providing an essential habitat for saltwater crocodiles, alongside the Sundarbans and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Q3. How is the crocodile census conducted?
Answer: The census involves multiple teams conducting surveys during peak winter, utilizing the expertise of wildlife personnel and herpetologists for accurate counting.

Q4. What are the trends in crocodile population in Bhitarkanika?
Answer: The crocodile population has shown a gradual increase over the past two decades, indicating effective conservation efforts and a healthy environment.

Q5. What can be done to reduce human-crocodile conflict?
Answer: Strategies include community education on crocodile behavior, establishing safe zones for activities, relocating aggressive crocodiles, and restoring habitats to support wildlife.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the total crocodile population recorded in Bhitarkanika in 2024?
A) 1,500
B) 1,811
C) 2,000
D) 1,650
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: Which other two regions are key habitats for saltwater crocodiles in India?
A) Sundarbans and Western Ghats
B) Sundarbans and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
C) Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Western Ghats
D) Sundarbans and Corbett National Park
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: What time of year is the crocodile census conducted in Bhitarkanika?
A) Monsoon season
B) Summer
C) Peak winter
D) Spring
Correct Answer: C