Insect Threat to the Taj Mahal: Goeldichironomus and Conservation Efforts

Understanding the Threat to the Taj Mahal

The iconic Taj Mahal faces a unique threat from an insect known as Goeldichironomus. This insect leaves unsightly greenish stains on the monument's pristine white marble due to its droppings.

History of the Insect's Impact

The issue with this insect has been notable since 2015. Interestingly, in 2020, the presence of the insect decreased significantly due to lower pollution levels during the pandemic lockdown, which affected its activity levels.

Ideal Conditions for the Insect

The Goeldichironomus thrives in temperatures ranging from 28 to 35 degrees Celsius. However, even with lower temperatures recorded in Agra this year, these insects have still been observed.

Effects on the Taj Mahal

The breeding grounds for these insects are found in the polluted waters of the Yamuna River. Their presence is leading to the formation of dark brown and green stains, particularly evident on the north wall and inlay work of the Taj Mahal.

ASI's Response to the Insect Threat

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has implemented measures to combat the damage caused by these insects. They are regularly cleaning affected areas using distilled water and cotton cloths to remove stains. Moreover, the ASI is conducting a detailed study aimed at finding long-term solutions to control the insect's growth.

Duration and Focus of ASI's Study

The study conducted by ASI's chemical department is expected to take a year or more. It will focus on understanding the breeding cycle of the insect, the environmental conditions necessary for its proliferation, and effective methods to prevent further attacks on the monument.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the main threat to the Taj Mahal?
Answer: The main threat to the Taj Mahal comes from the insect Goeldichironomus, which leaves greenish stains on its marble surface through its droppings.

Q2. Since when has the Taj Mahal been affected by this insect?
Answer: The presence of Goeldichironomus has been noted since 2015, with a significant decrease in 2020 due to lower pollution levels during the lockdown.

Q3. What conditions are ideal for Goeldichironomus to thrive?
Answer: These insects thrive in temperatures between 28 to 35 degrees Celsius, although they have been observed at lower temperatures this year in Agra.

Q4. What measures is ASI taking to address the insect issue?
Answer: The ASI is cleaning the affected areas with distilled water and cotton cloths and conducting a study to find long-term solutions to control the insect population.

Q5. How long will ASI's study take?
Answer: The ASI's study may take a year or more and will focus on the insect’s breeding cycle and methods to prevent further damage to the Taj Mahal.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the primary threat to the Taj Mahal?
A) Air pollution
B) Water pollution
C) Invasive insects
D) Natural disasters
Correct Answer: C

Question 2: In which year did the presence of the insect decrease significantly?
A) 2018
B) 2019
C) 2020
D) 2021
Correct Answer: C

Question 3: What is the breeding ground for Goeldichironomus?
A) Clean water bodies
B) Polluted waters of Yamuna
C) Agricultural fields
D) Urban areas
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: What temperature range is ideal for Goeldichironomus?
A) 15-20 degrees Celsius
B) 20-25 degrees Celsius
C) 28-35 degrees Celsius
D) 35-40 degrees Celsius
Correct Answer: C

Question 5: What cleaning method is used by ASI for the Taj Mahal?
A) Soap and water
B) Distilled water and cotton cloths
C) Chemical cleaners
D) Sandblasting
Correct Answer: B