India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test-fired the Agni‑Prime (Agni‑P) missile from a rail-based mobile launcher, placing India among a small group of nations capable of launching long-range ballistic missiles from rail platforms.
The “P” stands for Prime, denoting a new-generation version of the Agni series. Agni‑P is lighter, more accurate, and technologically advanced compared to earlier variants. It integrates propulsion, navigation, and guidance improvements from Agni‑IV and Agni‑V, making it more efficient and versatile.
Second‑Strike Capability: Mobile launchers are central to nuclear deterrence, ensuring India can retaliate even after a first strike. Fixed silos are increasingly vulnerable to precision satellite surveillance and missile strikes.
Advantages of Rail‑Based Launchers:
• Road-based launchers face limitations because of road conditions and choke points.
• India’s ~70,000 km railway network permits discreet movement of missiles across the country.
• Rail tunnels and varied terrain offer concealment from enemy surveillance.
• Rail-based systems are relatively cheaper and easier to maintain than submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).
Range: 1,000–2,000 km.
Weight: 11,000 kg.
Propulsion: Two‑stage solid fuel.
Warheads: Nuclear, thermobaric, or conventional high explosive.
Successor Role: Improves upon Agni‑I while keeping a modular design for varied mission profiles.
Agni‑P strengthens India’s credible minimum deterrence posture by enhancing survivability and operational flexibility of the missile forces. The rail‑based capability provides a cost‑effective complement to other delivery modes and complicates adversary targeting, thereby reinforcing overall national deterrence.
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