There is a worldwide effort to reduce carbon emissions by minimizing the reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, petrol, and diesel. This initiative is primarily driven by the urgent need to combat climate change and promote sustainable energy sources.
Green hydrogen is pivotal in decarbonizing heavy industries, freight, shipping, and aviation sectors. It is produced via electrolysis using renewable energy sources, making it a potential game changer in efforts to cut down carbon emissions significantly.
India has introduced the National Green Hydrogen Mission, with aspirations to become a global hub for green hydrogen production and export. The mission aims for the country to achieve energy independence by 2047 and attain net-zero emissions by 2070.
Biofuels, which are derived from biomass sources, provide an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. They are promoted as a cost-effective and clean solution to mitigate carbon emissions in various sectors.
India's Ethanol Blended Petrol program aims to blend 20% ethanol into petrol by 2025-26, with an indicative target to expedite biofuel production and usage in the country.
India has experienced a surge in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), largely due to government incentives. The long-term objective is for 30% of private cars and 80% of two-wheelers sold by 2030 to be electric vehicles.
Batteries are essential for facilitating electric mobility and storing intermittent renewable energy. India aims to generate 500 GW of non-fossil fuel power by 2030, emphasizing the critical role batteries play in energy storage and grid stability.
To ensure energy security, India must meet the rising demand for batteries through domestic manufacturing. Currently, a significant portion of Li-ion cells is imported, presenting challenges in developing a domestic supply chain for crucial raw materials.
Recycling battery waste for valuable elements like lithium and cobalt can help reduce dependency on imports and enhance sustainability. India has enacted battery waste management rules to address this critical issue.
India must swiftly develop an ecosystem for advanced battery technologies, including innovative chemistries like lithium-sulfur, to support its ambitious energy transition goals effectively.
Q1. Why is reducing carbon emissions important for India?
Answer: Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for India to combat climate change, improve air quality, and ensure sustainable development, aligning with global climate agreements.
Q2. What are the benefits of using green hydrogen?
Answer: Green hydrogen promotes decarbonization, enhances energy security, and supports the transition to renewable energy sources, making it vital for sustainable development.
Q3. How does India plan to achieve its ethanol blending target?
Answer: India plans to achieve its ethanol blending target through investments in biofuel production, incentivizing farmers, and enhancing supply chains for ethanol production.
Q4. What is the future of electric vehicles in India?
Answer: The future of electric vehicles in India looks promising, with government initiatives aimed at increasing adoption and reducing costs, targeting significant market share by 2030.
Q5. Why is battery recycling important for India?
Answer: Battery recycling is essential for reducing environmental impact, conserving resources, and achieving energy independence by minimizing reliance on imported materials.
Question 1: What is the goal of India's National Green Hydrogen Mission?
A) To reduce carbon emissions by 2040
B) To achieve energy independence by 2047
C) To increase fossil fuel usage
D) To become a global hub for coal production
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: What is the target percentage of ethanol blending in petrol by 2025-26 in India?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 50%
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: Which sector is green hydrogen most crucial for?
A) Agriculture
B) Heavy industries
C) Tourism
D) Textile
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: What percentage of private cars in India is aimed to be electric by 2030?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%
Correct Answer: C
Question 5: What is a significant challenge in battery manufacturing in India?
A) Excess supply of raw materials
B) High import dependency
C) Overproduction of batteries
D) Lack of demand
Correct Answer: B
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