At COP30, India reaffirmed its commitment to the principles of the Paris Agreement, urging global cooperation and equitable climate action. Representing the Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDCs), India cautioned against unilateral measures that erode trust and undermine the foundation of multilateral climate governance. The country emphasised that climate action must remain fair, people-centred, and rooted in international cooperation.
Speaking at the joint plenary session in Belém, India highlighted that COP30 marks ten years since the adoption of the Paris Agreement and over three decades of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It warned that any attempt to reinterpret or rebalance the Agreement would weaken the core principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR). India also expressed concern that restrictive unilateral trade measures could distort global climate cooperation and should not be used to impose new obligations or reshape commitments.
India underscored that finance, technology transfer, and capacity building remain the biggest challenges for developing nations. The LMDCs reiterated that providing climate finance is a legal obligation for developed countries under Article 9.1 of the Paris Agreement. While India welcomed ongoing consultations on finance mechanisms, it urged developed nations to deliver on their commitments, warning that delays in implementation weaken trust and slow collective climate ambition.
India called for COP30 to be recognised as the “COP of Adaptation”, citing the urgent need to close the adaptation finance gap, which is estimated to be nearly 15 times higher than current financial flows. It encouraged all countries to submit comprehensive National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) supported by adequate resources. On the issue of just transitions, India stressed that the Just Transition Work Programme should reflect principles of equity, encompass all sectors of society, and ensure that vulnerable communities are not left behind. It also called for institutional arrangements to embed fairness and inclusivity in global climate policies.
Developing nations, led by the G77 and China, collectively called for an institutional Just Transition Mechanism to coordinate finance, technology transfer, and capacity-building support. China described the just transition as a global responsibility requiring a strong multilateral framework. Nigeria emphasised the need for concessional finance to support resource-dependent economies, while Australia acknowledged that deeper international cooperation is vital to turn commitments into tangible results. As negotiations continue, the proposed mechanism could become a defining outcome of COP30, shaping the global approach to climate-resilient and equitable development.
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