The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure formulated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to evaluate a country's average achievements in three crucial dimensions of human development: longevity and health, education access, and standard of living. These elements collectively provide a comprehensive picture of a country's developmental status.
In 2023, India advanced to the 130th position out of 193 countries in the HDI ranking, marking an improvement from its 133rd place in 2022. This upward movement signifies ongoing progress in various developmental areas.
India's HDI score increased from 0.644 in 2022 to 0.665 in 2023. Although still categorized under 'medium human development,' India is steadily nearing the 'high human development' threshold of 0.700.
The data originates from the UNDP's 2025 Human Development Report, themed "A Matter of Choice: People and Possibilities in the Age of Artificial Intelligence." This report underscores the significant role of AI in advancing development, notably in nations like India.
Several factors have driven India's improved HDI, including increased life expectancy, enhanced education metrics, and elevated income levels. Notably, initiatives like the Right to Education Act, Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan, National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, and economic recovery post-COVID-19 have played pivotal roles.
India's life expectancy rose from 71.7 years in 2022 to 72 years in 2023, marking the highest level recorded in the country thus far.
India's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, measured in PPP terms, rose from $8,475.68 to $9,046.76, reflecting substantial growth in income and living standards.
India's ranking on the Gender Development Index (GDI) was 102 out of 166 countries. The score for women was 0.631 compared to 0.722 for men, highlighting ongoing challenges in reproductive health, political participation, and economic involvement.
The report raised ethical concerns about India's gig economy, particularly issues affecting women workers. It highlighted significant protests by female gig workers at Urban Company against algorithmic management practices.
"The progress of a nation is not measured only in numbers, but in how it empowers its people to live fuller, freer lives."
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