Haemorrhagic Septicaemia: A Critical Overview for Animal Health

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia: An Overview

Recently, ten blackbucks have died in Jharkhand’s Jamshedpur at the Zoological Park due to suspected Haemorrhagic Septicaemia. This alarming incident highlights the ongoing threat posed by this serious bacterial disease.

What is Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?

Also known as Pasteurellosis, Haemorrhagic Septicaemia is caused by specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida. The two primary serotypes associated with the disease are type B:2, predominantly found in Asia, and type E:2, which is more common in Africa. These serotypes are geographically confined to particular regions in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe.

Impact on Livestock

This disease primarily affects cattle and buffaloes, manifesting as an acute and highly fatal septicaemia. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in young animals and young adults, who are more vulnerable than older counterparts. The bacteria thrive in humid and waterlogged environments, leading to increased survival rates in these conditions.

Transmission of the Disease

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia can spread through ingestion or inhalation, occurring during direct contact with infected animals or through contaminated feed and water sources. Fomites, or inanimate objects that can carry pathogens, also play a significant role in transmission.

Recognizing Symptoms

Infected animals typically exhibit signs such as:

• Dullness and lethargy
• High fever
• Refusal to eat
• Excessive salivation
• Rapid swelling, particularly around the throat, brisket, dewlap, and sometimes the head

Treatment and Prevention

While there are vaccines available to prevent Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, treatment is crucial once the disease is diagnosed. Antimicrobial treatments administered intravenously soon after the disease onset can significantly reduce mortality rates. Early detection and prompt veterinary care are essential for effective management.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What causes Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
Answer: Haemorrhagic Septicaemia is caused by specific serotypes of the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, particularly types B:2 and E:2, affecting primarily livestock like cattle and buffaloes.

Q2. How is Haemorrhagic Septicaemia transmitted?
Answer: The disease can spread through ingestion or inhalation, especially through contaminated feed and water, or direct contact with infected animals.

Q3. What are the symptoms of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
Answer: Symptoms include high fever, lethargy, refusal to eat, excessive salivation, and rapid swelling around the throat and other areas.

Q4. Can Haemorrhagic Septicaemia be treated?
Answer: Yes, treatment includes antibiotics administered intravenously, and vaccination is crucial for prevention. Early intervention greatly improves survival rates.

Q5. Who is most at risk for Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
Answer: Young animals and young adults are more susceptible to Haemorrhagic Septicaemia than older animals due to their developing immune systems.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the primary cause of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
A) Virus
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Parasite
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: Which serotype of Pasteurella multocida is commonly found in Asia?
A) E:2
B) B:2
C) F:3
D) C:4
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: What is a major symptom of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
A) Excessive thirst
B) Rapid swelling
C) Increased appetite
D) Sneezing
Correct Answer: B

Question 4: How is Haemorrhagic Septicaemia primarily transmitted?
A) Through the air
B) Contaminated feed and water
C) Insect bites
D) Skin contact
Correct Answer: B

Question 5: What age group of animals is most susceptible to Haemorrhagic Septicaemia?
A) Older animals
B) Young adults
C) Infants
D) All age groups
Correct Answer: B