Graded Inequality is a critical concept introduced by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, illustrating the structured hierarchy inherent in the Indian caste system. This system not only creates disparities between upper and lower castes but also establishes divisions among various sub-castes. Each stratum is marked by inequality in relation to those above and below, forming a complex network of privilege and discrimination.
Dr. Ambedkar characterized graded inequality as a distinct feature of the caste system. He noted that each caste is further divided into smaller sections, each ranked in a hierarchical manner. Members of a specific section often exhibit contempt for those ranked below them while showing deference to those above.
Dr. Ambedkar vehemently criticized graded inequality for its role in perpetuating discrimination and oppression within Indian society. He believed that it obstructed unity among the oppressed classes, making it difficult for them to unite against systemic injustices, thereby reinforcing the dominance of upper castes.
Ambedkar argued that graded inequality not only established a rigid social framework but also exacerbated social divisions. This systemic inequality hinders socio-economic mobility and perpetuates cycles of poverty and deprivation among marginalised castes.
To address graded inequality, Dr. Ambedkar proposed several strategies:
As the principal architect of the Indian Constitution, Dr. Ambedkar integrated principles of equality, justice, and non-discrimination into the document. He ensured that the Constitution included provisions for affirmative action, such as reservations in education and employment for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Graded inequality continues to be a pressing issue in modern India, influencing various sectors such as politics, education, and employment. The ongoing relevance of Dr. Ambedkar’s work is evident in current debates and movements advocating for caste and social equality.
To delve deeper into Ambedkar’s perspectives on graded inequality, one can explore his writings and speeches, particularly in “Annihilation of Caste.” Academic publications, biographies, and research papers analyzing Ambedkar’s theories also provide valuable insights into social stratification.
Q1. What is Graded Inequality?
Answer: Graded Inequality refers to the structured hierarchy within the Indian caste system, highlighting disparities not just between castes but also among sub-castes.
Q2. Why did Dr. Ambedkar criticize Graded Inequality?
Answer: Dr. Ambedkar criticized it for perpetuating discrimination and hindering unity among the oppressed, thus maintaining upper caste dominance.
Q3. What solutions did Ambedkar propose against Graded Inequality?
Answer: He advocated for the annihilation of caste, education for lower castes, and legal reforms to ensure equality and protect rights.
Q4. How did Graded Inequality influence the Indian Constitution?
Answer: Dr. Ambedkar embedded principles of equality and affirmative actions, such as reservations for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, in the Constitution.
Q5. Is Graded Inequality still relevant today?
Answer: Yes, it remains a significant issue affecting various aspects of life in contemporary India, influencing ongoing debates about social equality.
Question 1: Who introduced the concept of Graded Inequality?
A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: What did Dr. Ambedkar advocate for to combat caste discrimination?
A) Promotion of caste-based politics
B) Annihilation of caste
C) Maintaining the status quo
D) Educational segregation
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: Which of the following is a principle embedded in the Indian Constitution to address social inequality?
A) Caste superiority
B) Affirmative action
C) Economic disparity
D) Social hierarchy
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: How does Graded Inequality affect socio-economic mobility?
A) It enhances mobility for all
B) It hinders mobility for marginalized groups
C) It has no effect
D) It only affects upper castes
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: Ambedkar’s work primarily aimed to achieve which of the following?
A) Social stratification
B) Equality and justice
C) Economic dominance
D) Political power for upper castes
Correct Answer: B
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