In a recent development, Gujarat has placed the spotlight on the black-spotted croaker, locally known as Ghol, by declaring it the state fish. This decision elevates the Ghol above more commonly recognized species such as Pomfret, Bombay Duck, and Ribbonfish. The motivation behind this designation is its rarity and substantial economic value, mainly attributed to its medicinal properties.
Often dubbed 'Sea Gold', Ghol is highly esteemed for its body parts, which offer culinary and medicinal benefits. Enriched with nutrients like magnesium, iodine, Omega-3, and iron, Ghol is believed to support various health aspects, including enhancing eyesight, muscle toning, and promoting infant brain development. Its air bladder is especially prized for its medicinal uses, leading to significant demand in international markets like China, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
The market value of Ghol ranges from Rs 5,000 to Rs 15,000 per kilogram. Given that a single fish can weigh around 25 kilograms, a successful catch can be exceedingly profitable for fishermen.
The announcement of Ghol as the state fish has sparked concerns among conservationists. While this recognition highlights its economic significance, questions linger about its long-term conservation. Currently, the black-spotted croaker is not listed under Gujarat's protected marine species, which primarily includes certain shark species.
Ghol is frequently caught accidentally in large nets. By the time fishermen identify a Ghol in their catch, it is usually deceased, unlike larger species like sharks, which are often alive when caught and can be released. This incidental catching presents a significant challenge for conservation efforts.
The fishing industry plays a crucial role in Gujarat's 'Blue Economy'. In 2021-22, the state achieved a production of over 8 million metric tonnes of fish and exported 200,000 metric tonnes, contributing 17% to India's fish exports. The state government has rolled out initiatives like VAT relief assistance on diesel for boats and the Fishermen’s Group Accident Insurance Scheme to aid the fishing community.
The designation of Ghol as Gujarat's state fish is a move that recognizes its economic and cultural significance. However, it also emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that considers both economic gains and the necessity of conservation. The scientific community and state authorities are anticipated to formulate a comprehensive conservation plan to address these challenges effectively.
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