The Varkala cliff, located in Thiruvananthapuram, is a prominent national geological heritage site. This stunning geological formation boasts significant importance due to its unique characteristics and environmental implications.
Designated as a National Geological Monument in 2014, the Varkala cliff was recognized by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) as the 27th such site in the country. This recognition acknowledges its distinct geological formation and serves as the initial step toward establishing a national geo-park.
The Varkala cliff is primarily composed of a strong layer of laterite that extends 3 to 4 meters at the top. Beneath this sturdy layer lies softer layers consisting of sandstone and carbonaceous clay, which contribute to the cliff's overall structure.
Despite its robust top layer, the Varkala cliff faces geological challenges. The softer layers beneath the laterite struggle to support the upper structure, leading to instability, especially when rainwater or wastewater seeps into the cracks.
Parts of the cliff frequently cave in due to water seepage through cracks in the laterite surface. When water penetrates these cracks, it reaches the softer layers below, exacerbating the risk of collapse.
To maintain the integrity of the Varkala cliff, implementing a proper drainage mechanism is essential. Such systems can effectively prevent water from seeping through and causing instability, thereby preserving this geological marvel.
The responsibility for declaring National Geological Monuments in India lies with the Geological Survey of India (GSI). Their role is crucial in recognizing and protecting sites of significant geological interest.
The declaration of the Varkala cliff as a National Geological Monument marks the beginning of preservation efforts. It is a step toward establishing a national geo-park aimed at safeguarding this unique geological heritage for future generations.
Q1. What is the significance of the Varkala cliff?
Answer: The Varkala cliff is a national geological heritage site recognized for its unique geological formation and is crucial for conservation efforts in India.
Q2. When was the Varkala cliff declared a National Geological Monument?
Answer: The Varkala cliff was designated as a National Geological Monument in 2014 by the Geological Survey of India.
Q3. What causes instability in the Varkala cliff?
Answer: The instability arises from the softer layers beneath the laterite that cannot support the upper layer, especially when water seeps through.
Q4. Who is responsible for declaring National Geological Monuments?
Answer: The Geological Survey of India (GSI) is responsible for the declaration and protection of National Geological Monuments.
Q5. What can be done to prevent cave-ins at Varkala cliff?
Answer: Implementing a proper drainage system can help manage water seepage and prevent cave-ins, thus preserving the cliff's structure.
Question 1: What year was the Varkala cliff declared a National Geological Monument?
A) 2010
B) 2012
C) 2014
D) 2016
Correct Answer: C
Question 2: What is the primary material holding the Varkala cliff together?
A) Sandstone
B) Laterite
C) Carbonaceous clay
D) Granite
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: What is the first step towards recognizing the Varkala cliff's significance?
A) Declaring it a national park
B) Establishing a geo-park
C) Designating it as a National Geological Monument
D) Conducting geological surveys
Correct Answer: C
Question 4: Who is responsible for the geological assessment of National Geological Monuments?
A) Ministry of Environment
B) Geological Survey of India
C) State Geological Departments
D) Local Government Authorities
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: What geological issue does the Varkala cliff currently face?
A) Erosion
B) Earthquakes
C) Instability due to soft layers
D) Flooding
Correct Answer: C
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