Jantar Mantar, an astronomical observatory, was constructed by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II in Jaipur during the early 18th century, specifically between 1724 and 1734. This remarkable structure was designed to enhance astronomical observations and develop precise instruments for measuring time, predicting eclipses, and tracking celestial bodies.
There are five Jantar Mantars located across India, including those in Delhi, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. The Jaipur site stands out as the largest and has earned the distinction of being a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its scientific importance and historical value.
Among the many fascinating instruments at Jantar Mantar, the Samrat Yantra is particularly noteworthy. This giant sundial features a gnomon inclined at 27 degrees, matching Delhi's latitude, allowing it to measure time with an accuracy of up to two seconds by tracking the sun's shadow.
Another significant instrument is the Jai Prakash Yantra, consisting of two complementary hemispherical structures. It aids in determining the position of celestial bodies by aligning shadows with inscribed markings on the scale.
The Rama Yantra is utilized for measuring the altitude and azimuth of celestial objects. It comprises two cylindrical structures equipped with vertical and horizontal scales, allowing shadows cast by a central gnomon to assist in various measurements.
The Misra Yantra serves multiple purposes, incorporating several components such as:
Jantar Mantar is scientifically significant as it exhibits advanced astronomical knowledge from the 18th century. The observatory enabled precise timekeeping, planetary observations, and celestial tracking through large-scale geometric instruments.
In contemporary times, scientists and historians study Jantar Mantar to gain insights into historical astronomy and traditional observational techniques. The site continues to be a popular destination for education and tourism, drawing visitors eager to learn about its rich heritage.
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has taken significant steps to restore and preserve the accuracy and functionality of the instruments at Jantar Mantar. These efforts ensure that the historical and scientific value of this remarkable observatory remains intact for future generations.
Q1. Who built the Jantar Mantar and when?
Answer: Jantar Mantar was constructed by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II of Jaipur between 1724 and 1734.
Q2. Why was Jantar Mantar built?
Answer: The observatory was built to enhance astronomical observations, develop precise instruments for time measurement, and predict celestial events like eclipses.
Q3. How many Jantar Mantars are there in India?
Answer: There are five Jantar Mantars located in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi, with the Jaipur site being the largest.
Q4. What is the purpose of the Samrat Yantra?
Answer: The Samrat Yantra is a giant sundial that measures time accurately by tracking the sun's shadow, with precision up to two seconds.
Q5. How is Jantar Mantar significant today?
Answer: Jantar Mantar remains a site of historical interest and scientific study, popular for education and tourism, revealing insights into traditional astronomy.
Question 1: Who constructed the Jantar Mantar in Jaipur?
A) Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II
B) Maharaja Jai Singh III
C) Maharaja Sawai Bhawani Singh
D) Maharaja Man Singh
Correct Answer: A
Question 2: What is the primary function of the Samrat Yantra?
A) Measure celestial coordinates
B) Track the sun's shadow for time measurement
C) Predict eclipses
D) Determine the altitude of planets
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: How many Jantar Mantars are recognized in India?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Nine
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Which Jantar Mantar is a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A) Delhi
B) Ujjain
C) Jaipur
D) Mathura
Correct Answer: C
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