The Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation, often referred to as the Harappan Civilisation, represents a critical phase in early Indian history. This term highlights the role of the Sarasvati River alongside the Indus River, emphasizing its importance in shaping the culture and economy of the era.
The Sarasvati River was a vital component of the Harappan Civilisation. It supported agriculture, facilitated trade, and played a crucial role in the daily lives of its inhabitants. Scholars believe that the drying up of this river significantly contributed to the decline of the civilisation, as it disrupted agricultural productivity and trade routes.
This Bronze Age civilisation flourished in the river valleys of the Indus and Sarasvati, known for its advanced urban planning and architectural achievements. The cities were characterized by well-planned streets, sophisticated drainage systems, and large public baths, reflecting a high level of organization and water management.
Moving beyond the river valleys, the Ujjayini Meridian holds a significant place in ancient Indian geography. This ancient prime meridian ran through Ujjayini, present-day Ujjain, and was essential for timekeeping and astronomical observations.
The Ujjayini Meridian served as a reference point for various astronomical activities, contributing to the rich tradition of Indian astronomy and mathematics. Its use demonstrates the advanced understanding of geography and celestial phenomena by ancient Indian scholars.
Ujjayini was not only a center of scientific knowledge but also a hub of cultural and religious activities. The city was renowned for its prestigious educational institutions and its association with the deity Shiva, marking it as an important religious site.
In summary, both the Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation and the Ujjayini Meridian highlight the remarkable achievements of ancient India in urban planning, agriculture, and astronomy. Understanding these elements is crucial for appreciating the rich tapestry of Indian history.
Q1. What are the main characteristics of the Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation?
Answer: The Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation is known for its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and agricultural practices. It thrived in the Indus and Sarasvati river valleys during the Bronze Age.
Q2. How did the Sarasvati River impact the Harappan Civilisation?
Answer: The Sarasvati River was crucial for agriculture and trade in the Harappan Civilisation. Its drying up is believed to have played a significant role in the decline of this advanced society.
Q3. What is the significance of the Ujjayini Meridian in ancient India?
Answer: The Ujjayini Meridian served as an ancient reference point for timekeeping and astronomical observations, showcasing the advanced knowledge of geography and astronomy in ancient India.
Q4. What role did Ujjayini play in ancient Indian culture?
Answer: Ujjayini was a prominent center of learning and culture, known for its educational institutions and religious significance, particularly in connection with the god Shiva.
Q5. How does the Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation relate to modern Indian history?
Answer: The Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation laid the foundation for various cultural, agricultural, and urban practices in India, influencing subsequent historical developments and societal structures.
Question 1: What river is associated with the Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation?
A) Ganges
B) Yamuna
C) Sarasvati
D) Brahmaputra
Correct Answer: C
Question 2: What was a significant factor contributing to the decline of the Harappan Civilisation?
A) Frequent wars
B) Drying up of the Sarasvati River
C) Invasion by foreign powers
D) Natural disasters
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: Which city is known for the Ujjayini Meridian?
A) Varanasi
B) Ujjain
C) Delhi
D) Jaipur
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: What was Ujjayini known for during ancient times?
A) Trade routes
B) Political power
C) Cultural and educational centers
D) Military strength
Correct Answer: C
Question 5: The Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation is primarily associated with which age?
A) Iron Age
B) Bronze Age
C) Stone Age
D) Post-Vedic Age
Correct Answer: B
Question 6: What type of planning was notable in the Sindhu-Sarasvati Civilisation?
A) Military planning
B) Urban planning
C) Agricultural planning
D) Economic planning
Correct Answer: B
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