Exploring the Paika Rebellion of 1817 in Odisha

FAQs on the Paika Rebellion of 1817

1. Who were the Paikas of Odisha?

The Paikas were the traditional militia under the Gajapati rulers of Odisha, serving as foot soldiers. In return for their military service, they were granted hereditary rent-free land known as nish-kar jagirs.

2. What triggered the Paika Rebellion of 1817?

The rebellion was sparked by British annexation policies, loss of traditional privileges, heavy land revenue demands, and economic distress. The dethroning of the Khurda king and new salt tax laws further fueled resentment among the people.

3. Who led the Paika Rebellion?

The revolt was led by Bakshi Jagabandhu, the military commander of the Khurda king. He united disaffected peasants, Paikas, and tribal groups such as the Kondhs against British rule.

4. What were the key events of the rebellion?

The rebels attacked British police stations, looted treasuries, and advanced towards Khurda. Despite initial success, the uprising was eventually suppressed, and Bakshi Jagabandhu went into hiding until 1825.

5. How did the British respond to the rebellion?

The British crushed the revolt through military action. Several leaders, including Rajaguru, were executed, and Bakshi Jagabandhu was hunted down until his capture or death in concealment.

6. Why is the Paika Rebellion significant in Indian history?

The Paika Bidroha is considered one of the earliest armed uprisings against British colonial rule in India. It predates the 1857 revolt and is often regarded as the “first war of independence” in Odisha.

7. What political steps have been taken to honour the Paikas?

In 2017, the 200th anniversary of the rebellion was commemorated by the Government of India. Efforts to honour the Paikas include memorial construction, establishment of museums, and inclusion of their legacy in educational curricula.

8. What socio-economic changes did the British bring that led to discontent?

The British introduced land and revenue systems that displaced local peasants and tribal groups. Loss of rent-free land, cash-based taxation, and land transfers to absentee landlords caused widespread economic hardship.

9. Why was the Paika Rebellion omitted from textbooks, and what is being done?

Former Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik raised concerns about the omission of the Paika Rebellion from NCERT textbooks. NCERT has clarified that regional uprisings, including this one, will be covered in subsequent textbook volumes.

10. How is the rebellion remembered in Odisha today?

The rebellion continues to be a proud symbol of Odia resistance and identity. Monuments, festivals, and cultural programs in Odisha celebrate the spirit of the Paikas and their contribution to India’s freedom struggle.