The Lesser Florican (Sypheotides indicus), also known as the likh or kharmore, stands as the smallest bustard and the sole representative of its genus. This bird is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent, characterized by its affinity for tall grasses and the remarkable leaps of males during the rainy season breeding displays.
The Lesser Florican predominantly resides in the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and parts of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. During summer, these birds are primarily found in northern and central India, while in winter, they spread more widely across the country.
Favoring open, grassy environments, the Lesser Florican can also be seen seeking refuge in dense bushes during daylight hours. Outside of breeding periods, it may inhabit wooded areas, scrublands, and grasslands. Occasionally, they venture into agricultural fields, particularly those cultivating cotton, millet, and various cereal crops.
A defining characteristic of the Lesser Florican is its unique mating ritual. In the breeding season, males are known to fold their legs and leap into the air, reaching heights of 2 to 3 meters. This display involves rapid fluttering, sometimes up to 600 times a day, accompanied by distinctive croak-like sounds.
The Lesser Florican is currently categorized as Critically Endangered. Major threats include hunting and habitat degradation, necessitating urgent conservation efforts to protect this unique species.
Breeding males exhibit striking black coloration on the head, neck, and lower areas, contrasted by a white throat. Females are slightly larger and, in non-breeding plumage, both males and females display a buff coloration with black streaks and darker markings on the head and throat.
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