Kolleru Lake, located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, is gaining recognition for its rich biodiversity and the unique black dried fish that it produces. This lake has become a vital source of livelihood for many, both in domestic and international markets.
Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India, situated in the inter-deltaic plain of the Krishna and Godavari rivers near Eluru. The lake spans approximately 308 sq. km and can expand up to 954 sq. km during peak flood levels, making it the largest freshwater lake in Andhra Pradesh. Characteristically shallow, it plays a crucial role in flood management for the surrounding regions.
The lake receives water from four main rivers—Budameru, Ramileru, Tammileru, and Errakalva—along with 18 drains. It drains into the Bay of Bengal through an outlet known as 'upputera'. Often referred to as the “Peerless Fisherman's Paradise and Bird Heaven,” Kolleru Lake is a sanctuary for numerous species.
In November 1999, Kolleru Lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary, and in November 2002, it was designated as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. The lake supports over 20 million migratory birds annually, including grey pelicans, painted storks, and open-billed storks. It serves as a vital stopover for species migrating from Siberia, Central Asia, and the Himalayas, making it one of India's richest avian habitats.
Kolleru Lake is deeply intertwined with the livelihoods of local communities. Thousands of people depend on the lake for fishing, duck farming, and paddy cultivation, ensuring that the ecological balance is maintained while supporting economic activities. The unique fish species found in Kolleru Lake have carved out a niche in the market, further enhancing its significance.
The ongoing efforts to preserve and maintain Kolleru Lake's ecological balance are crucial for sustaining its biodiversity and supporting the local economy. Its recognition as a Ramsar site underscores its importance not just for India, but for global biodiversity conservation.
Q1. What is Kolleru Lake known for?
Answer: Kolleru Lake is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly as a habitat for migratory birds and its production of black dried fish, which is popular in domestic and international markets.
Q2. Why was Kolleru Lake designated as a Ramsar site?
Answer: Kolleru Lake was designated as a Ramsar site due to its international importance as a wetland that supports diverse species of flora and fauna, particularly migratory birds.
Q3. How does Kolleru Lake benefit local communities?
Answer: Local communities benefit from Kolleru Lake through fishing, duck farming, and agriculture, which provide essential livelihoods and contribute to the local economy.
Q4. When was Kolleru Lake declared a wildlife sanctuary?
Answer: Kolleru Lake was declared a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 to protect its rich biodiversity and the various species that inhabit it.
Q5. What types of birds migrate to Kolleru Lake?
Answer: Kolleru Lake attracts over 20 million migratory birds annually, including species like grey pelicans, painted storks, and open-billed storks from regions such as Siberia and Central Asia.
Question 1: What is the primary ecological significance of Kolleru Lake?
A) It is a major agricultural hub.
B) It supports a large population of migratory birds.
C) It is a source of renewable energy.
D) It is a major urban area.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: In which year was Kolleru Lake declared a Ramsar site?
A) 1999
B) 2000
C) 2002
D) 2005
Correct Answer: C
Question 3: Which rivers contribute to Kolleru Lake's water supply?
A) Godavari and Yamuna
B) Krishna and Ganges
C) Budameru, Ramileru, Tammileru, and Errakalva
D) Narmada and Tapi
Correct Answer: C
Question 4: What is the primary economic activity around Kolleru Lake?
A) Industrial manufacturing
B) Fishing and agriculture
C) Tourism
D) Mining
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: How many migratory birds does Kolleru Lake support annually?
A) 5 million
B) 10 million
C) 15 million
D) Over 20 million
Correct Answer: D
Question 6: What is Kolleru Lake often referred to as?
A) Urban Oasis
B) Fisherman's Paradise and Bird Heaven
C) Agricultural Hub
D) Industrial Lake
Correct Answer: B
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