The tea industry in Assam and Darjeeling is facing significant challenges, primarily stemming from a variety of environmental factors. This article explores the reasons behind the notable decline in tea production in these regions, particularly in 2024.
One of the main causes of the fall in tea production is a widespread infestation of a small green fly. This pest, known for its sap-sucking habits, significantly weakens tea plants, especially during dry spells. Additionally, rising temperatures and erratic rainfall due to climate change exacerbate the situation.
In Darjeeling, tea output has plummeted to an alarming low of 5.6 million kilos in 2024. This represents a significant drop from 6.9 million kilos in 2022 and 6.01 million kilos in 2023. Meanwhile, West Bengal's overall tea production has also been adversely affected. The total output in 2022 was 414.08 million kilos, which decreased to 373.48 million kilos in 2024.
The green fly is particularly dangerous for tea crops as it can reduce yields by 11% to 55%. This pest, which was once seasonal, is now present year-round, posing a continuous threat to tea production.
Climate change has intensified the issue of pest infestations. Increased temperatures, with more days exceeding 40°C and unseasonal rainfall, weaken tea plants, making them more susceptible to pests. Experts highlight that the rise in pest activity is closely linked to these climatic changes.
To tackle these challenges, the Tea Board has proposed various chemical formulations, although their success has been limited. Ongoing research focuses on biological alternatives, including naturally occurring fungi that could provide a more effective solution.
The Tea Research Association (TRA) plays a pivotal role in addressing the crisis. They are exploring new strategies for pest control, including both chemical and biological methods. Additionally, developing climate-resilient tea varieties is a key area of focus.
Specific regions are experiencing more severe effects than others. In West Bengal, areas like Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri are particularly affected, while in Assam, the Terai and Dooars regions have seen sharp declines in yields.
Q1. What are the main reasons for the decline in tea production in Assam and Darjeeling?
Answer: The decline is primarily due to a green fly infestation, along with rising temperatures and erratic rainfall linked to climate change.
Q2. How much has tea production fallen in Darjeeling?
Answer: Darjeeling’s tea output dropped to 5.6 million kilos in 2024, the lowest ever recorded, down from 6.9 million kilos in 2022.
Q3. Why is the green fly a concern for tea crops?
Answer: The green fly weakens tea plants by feeding on their sap, leading to a yield reduction of 11% to 55%, and it is now present year-round.
Q4. What has been the impact of climate change on tea production?
Answer: Climate change has resulted in extreme weather patterns that weaken tea plants and increase pest attacks, negatively affecting production.
Q5. What measures are being taken to address the pest issue in tea production?
Answer: The Tea Board is exploring chemical solutions, while research on biological alternatives, like natural fungi, is ongoing to combat pests effectively.
Question 1: What is the primary cause of the decline in tea production in Assam and Darjeeling?
A) Pests
B) Labor shortage
C) Climate change
D) Market demand
Correct Answer: A
Question 2: How much did Darjeeling's tea production drop in 2024?
A) 6.01 million kilos
B) 6.9 million kilos
C) 5.6 million kilos
D) 4.5 million kilos
Correct Answer: C
Question 3: What percentage can the green fly reduce tea yields by?
A) 5% to 10%
B) 11% to 55%
C) 20% to 30%
D) 50% to 75%
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Which region in West Bengal is notably affected by the decline in tea production?
A) Kolkata
B) Alipurduar
C) Siliguri
D) Durgapur
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: What is the role of the Tea Research Association (TRA) in this crisis?
A) Marketing tea
B) Conducting research on pest control
C) Importing tea
D) Exporting tea
Correct Answer: B
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