Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs) are regions identified for environmental preservation due to their critical ecological significance and susceptibility to human activities. These areas are protected to maintain biodiversity and safeguard natural resources. Activities that could harm the environment, such as mining, quarrying, and large infrastructure developments, are restricted to ensure ecological integrity.
The Western Ghats represent a biodiversity hotspot, hosting unique flora and fauna. This region plays a vital role in climate regulation and water supply. Classifying portions of the Western Ghats as ESAs is essential to protect these ecologically rich environments from harmful human interventions.
ESAs are identified through scientific evaluations based on criteria like biodiversity richness, the presence of endangered species, and susceptibility to environmental degradation. Committees, such as the Gadgil and Kasturirangan committees, assess these parameters to recommend specific areas for protection.
In ESAs, activities that could negatively impact the environment, such as large-scale industrial projects, mining, and certain agricultural practices, are either prohibited or stringently regulated. This is aimed at minimizing ecological disturbances and preserving the natural landscape.
States including Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu have raised concerns regarding the designation of ESAs. They argue that the imposed restrictions may adversely impact local economies, livelihoods, and development initiatives, including agricultural plantations and hydroelectric projects.
The Union government has reissued the draft notification for the sixth time, with the most recent version released on July 31, 2024. This notification is open for public comments for a 60-day period. Delays in the process stem from a lack of consensus among states and public opposition.
Public participation is crucial in the ESA notification process. Citizens and stakeholders can provide their comments and concerns during the designated period. These contributions are taken into consideration before finalizing the notification.
Designating ESAs aids in the protection of endangered species, preservation of unique ecosystems, and maintenance of ecological balance. It also helps mitigate the risk of natural disasters, such as landslides, by sustaining natural vegetation and landscape stability.
The primary challenges include reconciling conservation efforts with developmental requirements, addressing the concerns of local communities, and achieving agreement among diverse stakeholders. The complexities of land ownership and usage rights further complicate the implementation of ESA protections.
A new committee has been established to address the concerns raised by the states and refine the draft notification. This committee is responsible for ensuring that ESA designations effectively balance conservation priorities with the socio-economic needs of the region.
Q1. What are Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs)?
Answer: ESAs are regions designated for environmental protection due to their ecological significance and vulnerability. They restrict harmful activities to preserve biodiversity and natural resources.
Q2. Why are the Western Ghats important for biodiversity?
Answer: The Western Ghats are a biodiversity hotspot, hosting numerous unique species. They play a vital role in climate regulation and are crucial for water supply in the region.
Q3. How are ESAs determined?
Answer: ESAs are identified through scientific assessments considering biodiversity richness, endangered species presence, and vulnerability to degradation by committees such as the Gadgil and Kasturirangan committees.
Q4. What activities are restricted in ESAs?
Answer: In ESAs, activities like large-scale industrial projects, mining, and specific agricultural practices are prohibited or heavily regulated to minimize ecological impacts.
Q5. How do states respond to ESA designations?
Answer: States have expressed concerns that ESA designations could negatively affect local economies and development plans, prompting debates on balancing conservation and growth.
Question 1: What is the primary purpose of Ecologically Sensitive Areas (ESAs)?
A) To promote industrial development
B) To protect biodiversity and natural resources
C) To increase urbanization
D) To enhance mining activities
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Which committee assessed the ESAs in the Western Ghats?
A) Gadgil Committee
B) Kothari Committee
C) National Biodiversity Authority
D) Forest Advisory Committee
Correct Answer: A
Question 3: What is a significant challenge in implementing ESA notifications?
A) Excess public support
B) Balancing conservation and development
C) High funding availability
D) Abundant natural resources
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: How long is the public comment period for the ESA notification?
A) 30 days
B) 60 days
C) 90 days
D) 120 days
Correct Answer: B
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