A pumped storage project is a hydropower system designed to store energy by moving water between two reservoirs—one elevated and the other at a lower level. During periods of low electricity demand, water is pumped to the higher reservoir. When demand increases, the stored water is released to flow down through turbines, generating electricity. To visualize, think of a water tank on a terrace and another on the ground. Extra electricity is utilized to pump water upstairs, which can then be released to power a motor when needed.
Pumped storage functions much like storing energy in water over extended periods, making it ideal for long-duration energy needs. In contrast, batteries excel at providing quick, short bursts of energy. For example, a pumped storage facility is akin to a large dam that can supply power throughout the night, while a battery serves as a mobile power bank for brief charging requirements.
As of now, India has an installed pumped storage capacity of less than 5 GW. This capacity is expected to see significant growth in the coming years.
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) aims to increase India's pumped storage capacity more than tenfold, targeting 51.24 GW by the year 2032. This ambitious plan highlights the focus on enhancing renewable energy infrastructure.
Key companies involved in developing this capacity include Greenko, Adani Green, and JSW Energy, which together will account for approximately two-thirds of the planned capacity expansion. Specifically, Greenko plans to develop 13.2 GW, Adani Green 12.1 GW, and JSW Energy 7.7 GW.
The states of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra are set to host over 57% of the total pumped storage capacity development, indicating a regional focus for these projects.
The CEA forecasts that 39 pumped storage projects will be commissioned by 2032. Of these, 10 GW are already under construction, with an additional 3 GW likely to become operational in the current financial year.
Pumped storage projects typically require longer construction timelines—around five years—due to the complexities involved in obtaining environmental clearances and conducting extensive civil works.
Policymakers are increasingly backing both pumped storage and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) as they each offer unique advantages. Pumped storage is cost-effective for long-duration energy needs, while BESS provides rapid and flexible deployment options. A mixed strategy is essential for ensuring India’s energy security.
Q1. What is the main function of pumped storage projects?
Answer: Pumped storage projects store energy by moving water between two reservoirs, generating electricity when demand is high and conserving it during low demand.
Q2. Why is pumped storage considered cost-effective?
Answer: Pumped storage is cost-effective for long-duration energy needs compared to other storage solutions, making it a vital part of the renewable energy strategy.
Q3. How many pumped storage projects are planned in India by 2032?
Answer: The Central Electricity Authority expects 39 pumped storage projects to be commissioned in India by 2032, significantly increasing the country's capacity.
Q4. What role do companies like Greenko and Adani play in pumped storage development?
Answer: Companies like Greenko and Adani are major developers of pumped storage projects in India, contributing to the planned increase in capacity significantly.
Q5. How long does it typically take to construct a pumped storage project?
Answer: It typically takes around five years to construct a pumped storage project due to environmental clearances and complex civil works involved.
Question 1: What is the primary function of a pumped storage project?
A) Generate electricity directly from solar power
B) Store energy by moving water between two reservoirs
C) Convert wind energy into electricity
D) Use fossil fuels for energy generation
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Which company plans to develop 13.2 GW of pumped storage capacity in India?
A) Tata Power
B) Adani Green
C) Greenko
D) JSW Energy
Correct Answer: C
Question 3: What is the expected pumped storage capacity target for India by 2032?
A) 10 GW
B) 25 GW
C) 51.24 GW
D) 75 GW
Correct Answer: C
Question 4: Which state is expected to see the majority of pumped storage projects?
A) Maharashtra
B) Gujarat
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Rajasthan
Correct Answer: C
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