Comprehensive Guide to Cut Motions in the Indian Parliament

Understanding Cut Motions in the Indian Parliament

In the Indian Parliament, demands for grants require a vote in the Lok Sabha. Before this vote, a critical discussion occurs where members can present cut motions. These motions aim to draw attention to specific issues such as economic concerns, policy disagreements, or grievances.

Types of Cut Motions

Cut motions can be categorized into three distinct types:

• Disapproval of Policy Cut: This motion proposes reducing the demand amount to Rs. 1, indicating disapproval of the underlying policy. The member proposing this cut must clearly specify the policy details for discussion and can suggest an alternative.
• Economy Cut: This motion suggests a reduction in the demand amount by a specific figure to reflect potential savings.
• Token Cut: This motion reduces the demand by Rs. 100 to express a specific grievance.

Conditions for Admissibility

To be accepted, a cut motion must adhere to several conditions:

• It must relate to only one demand.
• It should be clearly stated without arguments, inferences, or defamatory language.
• The matter must be expressed in precise terms.
• It cannot attack the character of individuals unless through a substantive motion.
• It should not propose amendments or repeals of laws.
• It cannot address state subjects or issues unrelated to the Government of India.
• It should not involve expenditures charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
• It cannot cover matters under judicial consideration.
• It must not raise questions of privilege.

Conventions Surrounding Cut Motions

There are established conventions regarding cut motions, such as:

• Cut motions addressing the Speaker's actions or related to their department are not permitted.
• Cut motions concerning the Vice-President's office are inadmissible.
• Cut motions on issues currently examined by a Parliamentary Committee are not allowed.
• Personal grievances or comments on individual officials are not acceptable, nor can they discuss matters affecting foreign relations.

Process for Considering Demands for Grants

Since the establishment of Departmentally Related Standing Committees in 1993, demands for grants are evaluated by these committees. After general budget discussions, the Lok Sabha is adjourned for a specified duration. During this time, committees review the demands and report back to the House. Following the presentation of these reports, the House discusses and votes on the demands, allowing cut motions to be introduced.

Who Moves Cut Motions?

Typically, opposition members propose cut motions; however, there are no legal restrictions preventing others from doing so. The Speaker has complete discretion over the admissibility of these motions.

Consequences of a Passed Cut Motion

If a cut motion passes, the Government may need to demonstrate its majority by introducing a 'confidence motion' under Rule 184 of the Lok Sabha. This could require the government to revise its budget demands, potentially leading to the resignation of the finance minister. However, this scenario has yet to occur in India, leaving its implications uncertain.

The Guillotine Process

Due to time limitations and prior discussions by the standing committees, not all demands are debated in the Lok Sabha. Some are voted on without debate in a process known as the Guillotine.

Presidential Authorization

Demands for grants cannot be introduced in the Lok Sabha without the President's authorization. Moreover, the Rajya Sabha does not participate in the demands for grants process.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What are cut motions in the Indian Parliament?
Answer: Cut motions are proposals in the Lok Sabha to reduce the amount of grants sought by the government, aimed at raising concerns over policies or expenditures.

Q2. What types of cut motions exist?
Answer: There are three types: Disapproval of Policy Cut, Economy Cut, and Token Cut, each serving different purposes in the legislative process.

Q3. What is the role of the Speaker regarding cut motions?
Answer: The Speaker has the discretion to admit or reject cut motions without needing to provide reasons, ensuring the orderly conduct of parliamentary proceedings.

Q4. Can cut motions address personal grievances?
Answer: No, cut motions cannot express personal grievances or reflect negatively on individual officials, focusing instead on broader policy issues.

Q5. What happens if a cut motion passes?
Answer: If passed, the government may need to introduce a confidence motion to prove its majority, potentially leading to budget revisions and political consequences.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the primary purpose of a cut motion in the Lok Sabha?
A) To increase budget allocation
B) To draw attention to policy issues
C) To approve government spending
D) To change laws
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: What is a Token Cut motion?
A) A reduction of Rs. 1
B) A reduction of Rs. 100 to express grievances
C) A full disapproval of grants
D) A motion to increase funding
Correct Answer: B