Classical Languages in India: New Criteria and Significance for 2024

Understanding Classical Languages: The New Criteria for 2024

A classical language is an official language of India that meets specific criteria established by the government. These languages are often ancient, boast a rich literary tradition, and are valued as significant heritage by generations of speakers.

Criteria for Declaring a Language Classical

The criteria for a language to be designated as classical have changed over time. Initially, a language needed to fulfill the following requirements:

• High antiquity: It should have early texts and a recorded history spanning over 1500-2000 years.
• Ancient literature: There should be a body of ancient texts regarded as valuable heritage.
• Originality: A literary tradition that is not borrowed (this criterion has since been dropped).
• Distinctness: The classical language must be distinct from its modern form.

Reasons for Dropping the Originality Criterion

The originality criterion was eliminated due to its challenging nature in terms of proof. Experts acknowledged that ancient languages often influenced one another, making it tough to ascertain true originality.

Newly Declared Classical Languages

The five languages newly classified as classical are:

• Marathi
• Bengali
• Assamese
• Pali
• Prakrit

Benefits of Classical Language Status

Achieving classical language status provides several advantages, including:

• Preservation: Government initiatives aimed at preserving and promoting the language.
• Research: Funding for research initiatives related to the language.
• Education: Establishment of centers of excellence dedicated to the study of the language.
• Recognition: Enhanced prestige and acknowledgment for the language and its speakers.

Previously Declared Classical Languages

Prior to these recent additions, the following languages were recognized as classical:

• Tamil (2004)
• Sanskrit (2005)
• Kannada (2008)
• Telugu (2008)
• Malayalam (2013)
• Odia (2014)

Decision-Making Process for Classical Status

The decision regarding which languages are granted classical status is made by the Union Cabinet, based on recommendations from the Linguistic Expert Committee. This committee is composed of representatives from the Ministries of Home and Culture, along with linguistic experts.

Importance of Classical Language Status

Classical language status is crucial as it aids in the preservation and promotion of ancient languages that are vital to India's cultural heritage. It also recognizes the significant contributions of these languages to the evolution of Indian literature, philosophy, and thought.