Chandrayaan-4: A New Era in Lunar Exploration

What is Chandrayaan-4?

Chandrayaan-4 represents the next ambitious endeavor in India’s lunar exploration program. This mission aims to be the first Indian venture to return samples from the Moon, showcasing advanced technology and a well-structured plan.

Main Components of Chandrayaan-4

The mission comprises several key modules:

• Reentry Module (RM)
• Transfer Module (TM)
• Lander Module (LM)
• Ascender Module (AM)
• Propulsion Module (PM)

Launch Vehicles Used in the Mission

Chandrayaan-4 utilizes two primary launch vehicles:

• PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle): This vehicle carries the combined RM and TM into a sub-Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (sub-GTO).
• LMV-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3): It propels the LM, AM, and PM directly towards a Lunar Transfer Orbit (TLI) or Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

Operations in Lunar Orbit

Once in lunar orbit, the RM and TM establish a stable position, preparing for the arrival of the AM to facilitate sample collection.

Landing Site on the Moon

The LM and AM will aim for a specific landing site near Shiv Shakti point, located at the lunar south pole.

Collection of Lunar Samples

A robotic arm integrated into the LM is tasked with collecting lunar samples. After gathering the samples, they are transferred to the AM.

Post-Collection Operations

Once the samples are secured, the AM detaches from the LM and ascends from the lunar surface. It subsequently docks with the TM in lunar orbit, allowing for the transfer of samples from the AM to the RM.

Returning Samples to Earth

The RM, now carrying the lunar samples, ensures their safe return by reentering Earth's atmosphere and successfully landing back on the planet.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the purpose of Chandrayaan-4?
Answer: Chandrayaan-4 aims to be India's first lunar mission that returns samples from the Moon, enhancing our understanding of lunar geology and resources.

Q2. What are the key modules of Chandrayaan-4?
Answer: The mission consists of five modules: Reentry Module (RM), Transfer Module (TM), Lander Module (LM), Ascender Module (AM), and Propulsion Module (PM).

Q3. Which vehicles are used for launching Chandrayaan-4?
Answer: Chandrayaan-4 is launched using PSLV for the RM and TM, and LMV-3 for the LM, AM, and PM, propelling them toward the Moon.

Q4. Where will Chandrayaan-4 land on the Moon?
Answer: The landing site is near Shiv Shakti point, located at the lunar south pole, which is significant for future exploration.

Q5. How will the lunar samples be returned to Earth?
Answer: The Reentry Module (RM) will carry the lunar samples back to Earth, ensuring safe reentry and landing upon return.

UPSC Practice MCQs

Question 1: What is the main goal of Chandrayaan-4?
A) To establish a lunar base
B) To return samples from the Moon
C) To study Mars
D) To send humans to the Moon
Correct Answer: B

Question 2: Which module is responsible for returning lunar samples to Earth?
A) Transfer Module (TM)
B) Reentry Module (RM)
C) Lander Module (LM)
D) Propulsion Module (PM)
Correct Answer: B

Question 3: Where is Chandrayaan-4 set to land on the Moon?
A) Near the equator
B) Near the northern pole
C) Near Shiv Shakti point at the south pole
D) On the far side of the Moon
Correct Answer: C

Question 4: Which launch vehicle is used for the Lander Module in Chandrayaan-4?
A) PSLV
B) GSLV
C) LMV-3
D) Falcon 9
Correct Answer: C

Question 5: What technology is used to collect samples on the Moon in the Chandrayaan-4 mission?
A) Robotic arm
B) Human exploration
C) Drones
D) Rovers
Correct Answer: A