The Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru is spearheading India's maiden winter expedition to the Arctic. This groundbreaking venture marks a significant milestone in the nation's scientific pursuits, especially in the realm of astronomy.
One of the expedition's primary goals is to conduct a comprehensive study on the radio frequency environment in the Svalbard region of Norway. This investigation is pivotal for determining the area's viability for conducting precise astronomical measurements. The base for this yearlong expedition is India's research facility, Himadri, which has been operational in Svalbard since 2008.
The research spans various disciplines, including astronomy, climate change, and atmospheric science. A key component of this expedition is the SARAS (Shaped Antenna Measurement of the Background Radio Spectrum) project. This experiment focuses on examining the 21cm signal from cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization.
Urbanization poses a significant challenge due to increased Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), which restricts the potential for low-frequency astronomical observations. However, if the Arctic proves to be a suitable environment, it could pave the way for deploying low-frequency radio telescopes, greatly enhancing cosmological studies.
The 21cm signal research aims to unravel mysteries of the universe's early stages, including the emergence of the first stars and galaxies. This knowledge is crucial for understanding cosmic history and the evolution of the universe.
The team, led by Girish B.S. from RRI's Electronics Engineering Group, comprises four dedicated scientists. Financial backing for the expedition is provided by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, with the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research in Goa serving as the nodal agency. The expedition is slated to run from December to January 15.
This winter Arctic expedition by the RRI team represents a pioneering effort in India's astronomical research. It has the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of the early universe and to address the challenges posed by urbanization in astronomical studies.
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