The Aravalli range is a significant geological feature that extends over 692 kilometers across northwest India, from Gujarat to Delhi. Recognized as one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, it plays an essential role in the region's geography, ecology, and economy. However, the range is under threat from illegal mining, deforestation, and human encroachments, which jeopardize this vital landscape.
The Aravalli range stretches across four states—Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi. It serves as a natural barrier, separating the Thar Desert from the fertile plains of northern India. The range features over 500 hillocks, with its highest peak, Guru Shikhar, reaching 1,722 meters.
As a crucial ecotone, the Aravallis support diverse biodiversity. They help prevent desertification by obstructing desert winds from advancing eastward. Additionally, the range facilitates groundwater recharge and acts as a significant carbon sink, which aids in combating climate change.
The Aravalli range plays a vital role in replenishing groundwater by capturing rainwater, allowing it to seep into underground aquifers. This process is critical for maintaining water levels in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan and Haryana, which depend on these reserves for agriculture and daily usage.
Rich in minerals, the Aravalli range serves as a hub for mining activities. Rajasthan, home to 80% of the range, is a major producer of marble, granite, and other stones. However, rampant and illegal mining leads to extensive environmental degradation. The range also supports agriculture and tourism, which are significant contributors to local economies.
Deforestation and illegal mining result in severe soil erosion, loss of vegetation, and a decline in biodiversity. These activities deplete natural resources and disrupt the ecological balance, leading to reduced groundwater levels and heightened desertification risks.
The Aravalli range moderates the climate by influencing wind patterns and rainfall distribution. It prevents desert conditions from spreading to adjacent plains, thereby maintaining a cooler and more humid climate in nearby areas.
Key ecological services of the Aravallis include:
To safeguard the Aravalli range, measures such as enforcing environmental regulations, restoring degraded areas, and promoting sustainable mining practices are imperative. Additionally, afforestation efforts, the establishment of protected areas, and public awareness campaigns are vital for preserving this essential natural resource.
Q1. What is the geographical significance of the Aravallis?
Answer: The Aravalli range acts as a natural barrier between the Thar Desert and fertile plains, aiding in desertification control and supporting biodiversity.
Q2. What are the main threats to the Aravali range?
Answer: Significant threats include illegal mining, deforestation, and human encroachments, leading to vegetation loss and ecological imbalance.
Q3. How has forest area in the Aravalli changed over time?
Answer: Between 1999 and 2019, forest area in the Aravalli decreased by 0.9%, resulting in habitat loss and increased human settlements.
Q4. What measures can protect the Aravalli range?
Answer: Key measures include strict enforcement of regulations, establishing an independent authority for preservation, and banning mining activities to prevent ecological damage.
Q5. How does the degradation of the Aravalli impact water resources?
Answer: Degradation reduces natural groundwater recharge, leading to declining water levels and increasing drought risks in the region.
Question 1: What role does the Aravalli range play in groundwater recharge?
A) It depletes groundwater resources
B) It captures rainwater and replenishes aquifers
C) It has no impact on groundwater
D) It increases surface water runoff
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: What is the highest peak in the Aravalli range?
A) Mount Abu
B) Guru Shikhar
C) Nilgiri Peak
D) K2
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: Which state holds the majority of the Aravalli range?
A) Gujarat
B) Haryana
C) Rajasthan
D) Delhi
Correct Answer: C
Question 4: What is a significant threat to the Aravalli range?
A) Tourism
B) Illegal mining
C) Recreational activities
D) Biodiversity conservation
Correct Answer: B
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