The year 2023 marks 150 years of Vande Mataram, first composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1875. What began as a literary creation within his novel Anandamath evolved into a powerful national slogan during India’s freedom struggle. It unified students, revolutionaries, poets, and ordinary citizens, becoming an emotional force for self-respect and independence. Its journey reflects India’s political evolution, cultural resilience, and ongoing discussions on national identity.
Bankim Chandra wrote Vande Mataram using a blend of Bengali and Sanskrit. The lyrics encapsulated a deep sense of patriotism and devotion to the motherland.
The song was published in Anandamath, establishing itself as the emotional core of the narrative and resonating strongly with readers.
During the Swadeshi Movement, Vande Mataram emerged as a leading chant against the Partition of Bengal, symbolizing resistance and unity among the populace.
Rabindranath Tagore famously sang it at a Congress session, where it was embraced by national leaders and movements across India, further solidifying its place in the national consciousness.
The Constituent Assembly recognized Vande Mataram as the National Song, while Jana Gana Mana was designated as the National Anthem, highlighting its significance in India’s identity.
Vande Mataram inspired music, poetry, and resistance art throughout the freedom movement. It fostered unity during colonial repression and continues to be performed at national events, cultural programs, and commemorative ceremonies. The song remains a powerful cultural symbol within India’s freedom narrative.
The 150-year commemoration emphasizes India’s intellectual and cultural journey from colonial subjugation to a confident modern nation. For students and civil service aspirants, it highlights the power of literature and symbols in shaping public consciousness. It also encourages reflection on how national expressions can remain inclusive while honoring historical legacies.
Vande Mataram, penned by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1875, stands as one of India’s most influential patriotic compositions. Initially appearing in Anandamath, it became central to the Swadeshi Movement and fueled the freedom struggle. Recognized by the Constituent Assembly as the National Song, it continues to serve as a cultural and emotional bridge connecting India’s historical memory with present-day national identity.
Q1. When was Vande Mataram written?
Answer: It was composed in 1875 and published later in the 1882 novel Anandamath.
Q2. Why did it become so influential?
Answer: Its vivid imagery of the motherland and emotional appeal made it a key rallying chant during the Swadeshi Movement.
Q3. Who popularised it in national life?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore first sang it publicly at a Congress session, giving it significant national visibility.
Q4. What is its official status today?
Answer: It is recognized as the National Song of India by the Constituent Assembly since 1950.
Q5. Why does it still matter?
Answer: It connects modern India with the collective courage, creativity, and patriotic spirit of the freedom era.
Question 1: Who composed Vande Mataram?
A) Rabindranath Tagore
B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
C) Ramesh Chandra Dutta
D) Allama Iqbal
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: In what year was Vande Mataram first published in Anandamath?
A) 1875
B) 1882
C) 1905
D) 1947
Correct Answer: B
Question 3: During which movement did Vande Mataram gain significant popularity?
A) Non-Cooperation Movement
B) Swadeshi Movement
C) Quit India Movement
D) Civil Disobedience Movement
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: What is Vande Mataram recognized as today?
A) National Anthem
B) National Song
C) State Song
D) Cultural Anthem
Correct Answer: B
Question 5: Who sang Vande Mataram at a Congress session, enhancing its visibility?
A) Bankim Chandra
B) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
C) Rabindranath Tagore
D) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Correct Answer: C
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